1. Crisis in Quebec
Canada in the 1970s

4. Introduction
The 60’s unrest spilled into the 1970’s with great force- especially in Quebec
FLQ (Front de Liberation du Quebec)
War Measures Act (PM Trudeau)
Parti Quebecois elected into Power in Quebec (Separatist)

5. Introduction
1971 Pm Trudeau officially adopted a policy of multiculturalism (not assimilation)
Just Society concept- new social programs- immigration laws were amended to eliminate any racial discrimination
Just Society had to respond to issues of equality of women, Aboriginal peoples, immigrants, and Francophone Canadians

9. Introduction Economically- high inflation and high unemployment
Energy Crisis- OPEC reduced production and increased prices
Trudeau forced Alberta to freeze its oil costs
Federal government introduced wage and price controls- unions fought back
Canadian service industries became the most important sector in Canada (technology, retail, banks, etc…)

12. Introduction
Culturally, Canada continued to fight against American influence
New Canadian content awards- Juno Awards for Music, ACTRA for television, film and radio
1972 The Cold War had a ‘fight’ of sorts Summit Series between Canada and the USSR (CCCP)….we won (Paul Henderson)
1975 CN Tower finished
1975 Seatbelts became compulsory!
1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal
1979 Mr. Bergman was born! (Canada’s population- 24 million)

13. Quebec- October Crisis
1970’s- francophones living in Quebec felt they had less equal opportunity then Anglophones
Separatism
FLQ- 60’s and 70’s nationalist terrorist group- robberies, bombings- 5 murders. 23 FLQ members had been arrested (many cells)
October abducted British Trade Commissioner James Cross and Quebec’s Minister of Labour- Pierre Laporte

15. Quebec- October Crisis
October 12, PM Trudeau stationed troops in Ottawa
See clip
The majority of Canadians approved of military intervention in this crisis
October 16- War Measures Act- all civil liberties are removed
October 18- Pierre Laporte was found dead in the trunk of a car
James Cross was found December 3- FLQ members negotiated a deportation to Cuba- did eventually return

17. Focus: Quebec- October Crisis
The October Crisis ended radical separatism- but political separatism surged
The use of the War Measures Act by the government has caused immense debate- the government’s invasion of civil liberties is always a hot issue
Similar issues arose after 9/11-

18. Activity
See handouts- The War Measures Act

19. Quebec- Separatism The Parti Quebecois- in power in Quebec
Rene Levesque- Bill 101
1980- Sovereignty referendum- Quebec was asked to vote on whether they believed they should seek independence from Canada
No side won with 60% of the vote
1995 similar vote taken- No side on with 50.6% of the vote