1. - And its affect on Protein synthesis
Mutations
- And its affect on Protein synthesis

2. Application
Learning Outcome B8 -2 It is expected that students will: - use examples to explain how mutations in DNA change the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain and as result may lead to genetic disorders.

3. Definitions
mutation:

5. Types – Frameshift Mutation
One or more nucleotides is ___________________from the DNA
Example: TAC GGT TAG, insert C into the 4th spot:
TAC CGG TTA G
The original DNA coded for which amino acids?
DNA: TAC GGT TAG
mRNA:
amino acids:
The mutated DNA now codes for which amino acids?
DNA: TAC CGG TTA G
animo acids:

6. Types – Point Mutations
a _______________________________within the sequence
Example: TAC CCA,GAC replace 2nd A with a C
TAC CCC,GAC
The original DNA coded for which amino acids?
DNA TAC CCA,GAC
mRNA:
amino acids:
The mutated DNA now codes for which amino acids?
DNA: TAC CCC,GAC
animo acids:

7. Question- Gene Mutation
What effect does changing the amino acids have on the protein product?
Changes _____________. Since shape determines ______________, it alters how the protein will function.

8. Proteins: Shape determines Function!

9. Question - Gene Mutation
Which has the potential for the most damage, frameshift mutations or point mutations? And why?

10. Application
Learning Outcome B8 - 1 It is expected that students will: - give examples of two environmental mutagens that can cause mutations in humans.

11. Definitions
Mutagens
Brainstorm a list
Here are some examples: