1. Freshmen Research Paper
What is wrong with the 21st Century?

2. A few things from last class….
Please take your pronouns out
What is ‘we’ or ‘our’ standing for? (probably humanity) replace the pronoun
Do not use personal pronouns for any reason in academic research.
Take out all “I” “me” “my”
Be sure to introduce your data before quoting (direct, demi, paraphrase).
We call this a “Signal phrase”….According to an article in…… In a popular TED Talk titled “”Scott Hess discusses….

3. Works Cited
A Works Cited is a document at the end your research paper that lists the sources from your research.
The words that you put in the parenthetical citations are the first words in the each entry on the Works Cited page.
You will simply copy the correct MLA citation (not the annotation) from your Annotated Bibliography and start making a Works Cited page as you continue to write your paper.
See modeled example…..

4. Counterclaim
After you have made your argument, you should address any counter arguments that you think might arise to your argument.
You should provide cited data for the counter argument.
Example: Some may argue that concerns over technology are overblown and that mankind will adapt to live in harmony with machines in order to survive. The PBS drone documentary clearly depicted a future where humans and drones worked together to make the world safer. The video suggested that the military only plans to have 1/3 of the US Air Force be represented by drones (TopGun).

5. Refutation
You should then refute this argument by suggesting why the counter argument is flawed/wrong/faulty.
You should use data in your refutation that is strong.
This view is shortsighted and does not consider the longer term issues of smart machines. The world must plan for a future now that could include machines that do not need humans and the possible ramifications that could include. Even the greatest minds in technology are concerned about these issues, both Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk have vocally expressed their concerns for the future of human race and smart machines according to an article in the technology news source Wired. Musk spoke at an AI ethics conference that saw an “unprecedented meeting of the minds” on AI ethics issues (McMillan). It is clear to the people involved with smart technology, that something must be done to prepare for the future of human and machines.

6. Counter/Refute- CDW structure with a tweek
Claim- Counter argument
Data- Data for the counter argument
Warrant- Discuss this data
New Claim- Refute- This is wrong/faulty/flawed……
Data
Warrant