1. Biology EOC Review:
Unit 2
Biochemistry

2. Key Concepts: The Water Molecule
Things to Remember:
Water is polar. It has a positive end and a negative end.

3. Key Concepts: The Water Molecule
Things to Remember:
Water is polar. It has a positive end and a negative end.
Water molecules stick together through hydrogen bonds. This is where negative oxygen sticks to positive hydrogen – just like a magnet.
When water sticks to itself, that is called COHESION.
When water sticks to other things, that is called ADHESION

4. Key Concepts: The Water Molecule
Things to Remember:
Water is polar. It has a positive end and a negative end.
Water molecules stick together through hydrogen bonds. This is where negative oxygen sticks to positive hydrogen – just like a magnet.
Water has a HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT – this means it resists changes to temperature.

5. Key Concepts: The Water Molecule
Things to Remember:
Water is polar. It has a positive end and a negative end.
Water molecules stick together through hydrogen bonds. This is where negative oxygen sticks to positive hydrogen – just like a magnet.
Water has a HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT – this means it resists changes to temperature.
Water is the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT – it dissolves other polar molecules like salt and sugar.

6. Key Concepts: The Water Molecule
Things to Remember:
Water Is:
POLAR.
It has a positive end and a negative end.
STICKY – has hydrogen bonds.
COHESION – sticks to itself
ADHESION - sticks to others
has a HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT
this means it resists changes to temperature.
A UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
it dissolves other polar molecules like salt and sugar.

7. Key Concepts: Macromolecules
Macromolecules are large molecules that are important to life. Water is one of them. The other four are:
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Proteins

8. Key Concepts: Macromolecules
Things to Remember for CARBOHYDRATES!
Carbohydrates are:
MADE OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN
SUGARS (GLUCOSE)
TYPICALLY SIX-SIDED RINGS
PROVIDE SHORT-TERM ENERGY

9. Key Concepts: Macromolecules
Things to Remember for NUCLEIC ACIDS!
Nucleic Acids:
DNA and RNA
STORE GENETIC INFORMATION
MADE OF NUCLEOTIDES

10. Key Concepts: Macromolecules
Things to Remember for LIPIDS!
Lipids are:
FATS AND OILS
HELP BUILD THE CELL MEMBRANE
PROVIDE LONG-TERM STORAGE
LOOK LIKE SQUIGGLY CHAINS OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON

11. Key Concepts: Macromolecules
Things to Remember for PROTEINS!
Proteins are:
MADE OF AMINO ACIDS
USUALLY LOOK LIKE LONG, BEADED CHAINS
HELP BUILD MUSCLES
ACT AS HORMONES AND ENZYMES IN THE BODY

12. Key Concepts: Macromolecules
Enzymes are a special type of protein that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
Enzymes bond to a SUBSTRATE that matches the shape of the enzyme. When they do, they speed up the reaction.
Changes in pH (acid or base) or temperature can affect how well the enzyme works, either slowing it down or stopping the reaction altogether.

13. More Review YouTube: Crash Course in Water
Visual and Auditory Learner (Learn by Watching/Listening):
YouTube: Crash Course in Water
YouTube: Crash Course in Macromolecules
YouTube: Amoeba Sisters Macromolecules
YouTube: Amoeba Sisters Enzymes
Kinesthetic Learners (Learn by Doing):
How Enzymes Work Interactive
Leaping Frog: Macromolecules
Nothing but Net: Water Molecules