1. Physical Properties

2. Physical Properties
Characteristics of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material.

3. Examples of Physical Properties
Viscosity
Conductivity
Malleability
Hardness
Melting point
Boiling point
Density

4. Viscosity Which is more viscous, vinegar or corn syrup?
The resistance of an object to flow.
Usually…
Thick liquids are more viscous and thin liquids are less viscous.
Heating a liquid makes it less viscous.
Which is more viscous, vinegar or corn syrup?

5. Conductivity A material’s ability to allow heat/electricity to flow.
What types of materials have high conductivity?
What types of materials have low conductivity?

6. Malleability
The capability of a substance to be shaped by beating with a hammer or by the pressure of rollers
Highly malleable substances: copper, brass, silver, & bronze

7. Hardness The resistance of a metal to be scratched
For example, a kitchen knife can scratch a metal sheet of copper.
Stainless steel is harder than copper

8. Melting Point
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
Remember, the melting point of ice is O°C

9. Boiling Point The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas.
Remember, the boiling point of water is 100°C
Is the boiling point of a substance other than water the exact same as water’s boiling point?

10. Density
Every substance has a unique density, which can determine the purity of a substance.
The density of water is 1.00 g/ml
The density of Sulfur is 2.07 g/ml

11. Formulas for Calculating Density
D = M/V
V = M/D
M = D*V
Remember, Density is measured in units of g/ml or g/cm3

12. What can physical properties be used for?
Identify unknown materials
Separate substances in a mixture
Choose the best material suited to a specific purpose

13. Two common separation methods
Filtration
A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.
Distillation
A process that separates materials based on their boiling points.

15. Just Plain Fun
think about density