1. Growth of Imperialism Imperialism:
The desire to extend a nation’s power and control over other lands

2. Originally, trading posts were enough…
Now, in the late 1800s, countries want to have full control over vast territories
This wasn’t new…
Europeans had set up colonies in North and South america and tradings posts around Africa and the Indian Ocean by the 1500s…..
BUT the imperialism of the late nineteenth century is called “new imperialism”.
Earlier, Europeans had been content (especially in Africa and Asia) in setting up a few trading posts where they could carry on trade nad conduct missionary work. Now they wanted full control over vast territories

3. Why the increase in imperialism?
Seeking markets
Seeking raw materials
Rivalry
Respect and admiration
Social Darwinism
Racism
Humanitarianism
National prestige
The struggle between nations, the fit are victorious
Raceism is the belief that race determines traits and capabilities
Racists erroneously believe that particular races are superior or inferior
Their beliefs have led to the use of military force against other nations
Religion: humanitarian (promoting human welfare and social reforms) approach---it is our moral responsibilities to civilize primitive people
Bring the Christian message to the “heathen masses”, bringing benefits of Western democracy and capitalism to these societies

4. Colonies gained through imperialism were ruled one of two ways:
1. Indirect Rule: Local rulers were allowed to maintain their positions of authority
Convenient and cheaper
Less damage to local culture
When a colonial power realized its goals through cooperation with local political elites
Cheaper because fewer officials had to be trained for the government
Allowed easier access to raw materials
In the Dutch east indies (Indonesia) for example, local landed aristocrats (of that country) controlled the local government, maintained law and order, collected taxes, etc. in return for a payment from the Dutch East India Company
Indirect rule was not always possible though…because of resistance. If this was the case, local elites were removed from power nad replaced with a new set of officials broguht in from the mother country which is direct rule

5. 2. Direct Rule: Local elites are removed from power and replaced with a new set of officials brought from the mother country
In Burma, the monarchy opposed colonial rule…so GB abolished it and administered the country through its colonial governmetn in Burma
To justify, Western powers spoke of bringing blessings of advanced Western civilization to colonial subjects….and introducing representative government and education to the natives….but many started to fear the idea of native people being allowed political rights

6. Cons of colonial economies:
No development of local industries
Growth of plantation agriculture
Native laborers treated poorly
High taxes on locals
Colonies stressed the importance of exporting raw materials
Plantations owners had local peasants work as wage laborers…on plantations owned by foreign investors
Plantation owners kept the wages of their workers at poverty levels in order to increase the owners profits

7. Pros of colonial economies:
Built railroads, bridges, highways
Some small growers shared in profits from exports
Sanitaiton and public health improved in areas (british India)