1. The Civil War ( )
The Two Sides

2. Choosing Sides
By 1861, seven states had left the Union and formed the Confederacy. (South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas)
After the bombing of Fort Sumter, President Lincoln called on troops to save the Union.

3. Choosing sides
By doing this, Lincoln caused Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas to join the Confederacy.
These 4 states brought needed soldiers and supplies to the Confederacy.

4. Choosing sides
The Confederacy Chose Richmond, Virginia as it’s capital, a city only about 100 miles from the Union capital of Washington, D.C.

5. Choosing Sides
4 states that allowed slavery remained in the Union. These states included Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware.
The people of these border states were divided over which side to support.

6. Remaining with the Union
Because of their key (important) locations, Lincoln had to move cautiously to avoid upsetting people in the border states
For example, Lincoln could not announce that he aimed to end slavery for fear that groups supporting the Confederacy might take their states out of the Union.

7. Acting Boldly
In some ways, Lincoln suspended some constitutional rights and used his power to arrest people who supported secession.
Did Lincoln’s actions violate any basic Constitutional rights?

8. West Virginia is Born
While most southerners favored secession, pockets of Union support grew in western Virginia.
In 1861, 48 Virginia counties organized themselves as a separate state called West Virginia. It became a state in 1863.

9. North and South
When the war began, both sides had advantages and disadvantages. How they would use those strengths and weaknesses would determine the war’s outcome.

10. The North Advantages – Disadvantages – Larger Population
More Industry
Plentiful Resources
Better Banking
Navy
More Railroads
Abraham Lincoln
Disadvantages –
The North would have to invade the South
The South’s support was strong

11. The South Advantages – Disadvantages – Strong Support Small Population
Home Court Advantage
Military Leadership
Experienced Soldiers
Disadvantages –
Small Population
Few Factories
Produced less than half as much food as the North
Half the miles of railroad track

12. States’ Rights
A belief in States’ Rights, a founding principle of the Confederacy also weakened the South.
Individual states refused to give full power to the confederate government.

13. War Aims and Strategy
At first, the only goal of the North was to bring the South back into the Union. This changed however when Lincoln made it clear that he was determined to end slavery.

14. The North’s 3 Part Strategy
1st – Blockade Southern Ports
2nd – Gain Control of Mississippi River
3rd – Capture Richmond, Virginia

15. The South’s Strategy
The South longed to be recognized as an independent nation. They planned on fighting until the North grew tired.
Occasionally, the South took the offensive, threatening cities like Washington D.C.

16. American Against American!!! Brother Against Brother!!!
Leaders from both North and South, and their families, felt the division. In some cases, relatives fought against one another.
The average age of a soldier was 25 years old, but about 40% were 21 or younger.

17. Rebel vs. Yankee
By the summer of 1861 The Confederate Army had about 112,000 soldiers called Rebels.
The Union Army had about 187,000 soldiers called Yankees.
By the end of the war, about 2.1 million fought for the Union and about 850,000 fought for the Confederacy.