1. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Chapter 2

2. Atomic Theory Dalton’s Theory Elements vs. Compounds
Law of Definite Proportions
Law of Constant Composition
Law of Conservation of Mass
Law of Multiple Proportions

3. Atomic Structure Protons, Neutrons, Electrons Cathode Ray Tube
Radioactivity
Nuclear Atom

4. Atomic Mass Isotopes Atomic Number, Mass Number Atomic Mass Scale
Average Atomic Mass

5. Periodic Table

6. Compounds Molecules – Chemical Formulas
Molecular and Empirical Formulas
Molecular Representations
Ionic Compounds – Formula Units

7. Nomenclature Ionic Charge Names and Formulas Ionic Acid Molecular
Organic

8. Some Simple Organic Compounds
Alkanes
Organic chemistry: the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds.
Alkanes contain only C and H and are called hydrocarbons.
The names of alkanes all end in the suffix –ane.
Alkanes are named according to the number of C atoms in their backbone chain:
Methane has one C atom (CH4)
Ethane has two C atoms (CH3CH3)
Propane has three C atoms (CH3CH2CH3), etc.
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Chapter 2

9. Some Simple Organic Compounds
Some Derivatives of Alkanes
When H atoms in alkanes are replaced by heteroatoms (atoms other than C or H), then we have introduced a functional group into the alkane.
When an H is replaced by –OH, then we form an alcohol.
Alcohols are also named by the number of C atoms.
Consider propanol: there are two places for the OH: on an end C or the middle C.
When the OH is located on the end C, we call the substance 1-propanol.
When the OH is on the middle C, we have 2-propanol.
Prentice Hall © 2003
Chapter 2

10. Some Simple Organic Compounds
Some Derivatives of Alkanes
When the single bonds in an alkane are replaced by one or more double bonds, then we form alkenes.
When a double bond is formed between C and O, we form carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and esters.
Any organic molecule with double or triple bonds is called unsaturated.
Prentice Hall © 2003
Chapter 2