1. Tissues, Organs and organisations.

2. Tissues
Multicellular organisms consist of many cells each preforming a specialised function.
Groups of cells with specialised features that enable them to preform particular tasks effectively – form tissues
Eg. One of the simplest is Epithelium – simple cells which fit together like paving stones
Lines the spaces and the tubes within your body and found on the surface of your skin.
Plants have a similar tissue on their surface named the epidermis

3. Muscle Tissue
Made of specialised cells that can contract and move the body
It is found in many places such as the gut where it squeezes the food along (peristalsis)
Nervous tissue
Consists of specialised cells that carry messages as nerve impulses – found in the brain and spinal column.
Photosynthetic tissue
Found in plants and consists of cells filled with chloroplast
(Look at the table page 80 for other cells and their functions)

4. Organs In most animals, tissues combine to make organs.
“Organs are made of several different tissues, which work together to perform a specific function.”
Heart – smooth muscle tissue and vascular tissue
Kidney
Controls the amount of water in the body
Disposes of toxic waste
Does other jobs !
Liver
Has 500 jobs
Stores and immobilises energy
Controls blood sugar (glucose)
Aids digestion
Regulates blood clotting
Produces non-reproductive hormones
Manufactures cholesterol (certain amounts are good for you)
Filters blood
Breaks down drugs
Produces vitamins (D)
Stores minerals like iron
Produces essential immune system factors
These are just some

5. Systems
A group of organs working in harmony to perform a major function for an organism - SYSTEM
Circulation
Respiration
Digestion
HOMEWORK:
EACH SRTUDENT TO CHOOSE A SYSTEM AND WRITE A HALF PAGE ABOUT IT:-THE ORGANS INVOLVED AND HOW THEY WORK TOGETHER
To be presented next lesson in mini oral format and handed up to collate for a class copy.

6. Living things have different shapes:
Plants have irregular shapes/animals are more regular and compact
Front end of leading end (head) – ANTERIOR
Other end – POSTERIOR
Lower side of the body- closest to the ground – VENTRAL SIDE
Upper side (back) – DORSAL
Most animals are symmetrical- that is one side of the body is repeated on the other- mirror images
This is called bilateral symmetry
In opposition to this is radial symmetry- when limbs are coming from a central point- E.g.
Starfish
Plants- think of petals
Some organisms have no symmetry – like the Amoeba is asymmetrical
Constantly changes shape, no permanent right of left side.