1. Homeostasis and Transport Review

2. Define the term hypotonic solution.
A solution with a lower solute concentration than inside the cell.

3. What would happen to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
The cell would swell.

4. Define the term hypertonic.
A solution with a higher solute concentration than inside the cell.

5. What would happen to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
The cell would shrink.

6. A solution with an equal solute concentration as inside the cell.
Define isotonic.
A solution with an equal solute concentration as inside the cell.

7. What would happen to a cell placed in an isotonic solution?
The cell will remain the same size.

8. What is the role of the cell membrane?
To separate & protect the cell from its surroundings; regulates what enters and exits

9. The diffusion of water in a cell through a protein
Define osmosis.
The diffusion of water in a cell through a protein

10. Why is the cell membrane referred to as selectively permeable?
It only allows some substances to enter & exit

11. What makes up the cell membrane?
A phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol, carbohydrates, and proteins

12. In the cell membrane, channels are formed in _____ molecules to allow certain molecules to pass through.?
protein

13. What would happen to a cell placed in a solution that contains 25% salt when the inside of the cell contains 5% salt? Where is the solute concentration higher? What type of solution is the cell in?
The cell shrinks; higher solute concentration outside the cell (hypertonic solution)

14. What would happen to a cell placed in a solution that contains 5% salt when the inside of the cell contains 25% salt? Where is the solute concentration higher? What type of solution is the cell in?
The cell will swell; higher concentration of solute inside of the cell (hypotonic solution)

15. In active transport what way do molecules move? Is energy used?
From Low to High concentration. Yes (ATP)

16. In passive transport what way do molecules move? Is energy used?
From High to Low concentration. Energy is not used.

17. List examples of passive transport.
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

18. active transport of liquids into the cell
Define pinocytosis.
active transport of liquids into the cell

19. active transport of solids into the cell
Define phagocytosis.
active transport of solids into the cell

20. active transport which allows materials out of the cell
Define exocytosis.
active transport which allows materials out of the cell

21. What are the differences between active & passive transport?
Active moves against the concentration gradient, but passive moves down the concentration gradient.

22. How are active & passive transport similar?
Both transport substances
into and out of the cell across
the cell membrane.

23. What would happen to a cell placed in a solution that contains 25% salt when the inside of the cell contains 25% salt? Where is the solute concentration higher? What type of solution is the cell in?
The cell remains the same size as water moves in and out at the same rate. Solute concentration is equal on both sides. (ISOTONIC SOLUTION)

24. Give an example of an environmental stimulus and an organism’s response to that stimulus.
stimulus—anything detected that causes a reaction ex> a rabbit detects the presence of a predator and runs

25. Define homeostasis. Give two examples.
Homeostasis- regulating internal physiology in response to fluctuations in the outside environment; balance Ex> regulating blood sugar, regulating body temperature

26. Metabolism- all chemical reactions that occur to maintain life.
Define metabolism.
Metabolism- all chemical reactions that occur to maintain life.

27. What is thermoregulation?
maintaining a stable body temperature.

28. What is osmoregulation?
maintaining the balance of water and solutes (dissolved molecules and ions) in an organism