1. Modernism

2. Colonial Art ( )

4. Romantic Art ( )

10. Realism ( )

13. Modernism

17. Difference between Realism and Modernism
Whereas REALISM
Emphasized absolutism, and
Believed that a single reality could be determined through the observation of nature
MODERNISM
Argued for cultural relativism,
And believed that people make their own meaning in the world.

18. Value Differences in the Modern World
Pre-Modern World
Modern World (Early 20th Century)
Ordered
Chaotic
Meaningful
Futile
Optimistic
Pessimistic
Stable
Fluctuating
Faith
Loss of faith
Morality/Values
Collapse of Morality/Values
Clear Sense of Identity
Confused Sense of Identity and Place in the World

19. World War I:1914 ( )

20. WWI: Doughboys and Air Fights

21. WWI: Trench War Fare and Poison Gas

22. Russian Revolution: 1917

23. Social Snapshot of the Times
Result of Political Turmoil
Revolutionary Ideologies Rise
Fascism
The separation and persecution or denial of equality to a certain group based on race, creed, or origin
Nazism
Socialism featuring racism, expansionism and obedience to a strong leader
Communism
Control of the means of production should rest in the hands of the laborers.

24. Fascism and Nazism

25. Communism

26. Social Snapshot of the Times
Scientific Revolution
Quantum theory
Explains the nature of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level
Principle of Uncertainty
In quantum mechanics: increasing the accuracy of measurement of one observable quantity increases the uncertainty with which another may be known

27. Snapshot of the Times: Implications for Nature of Reality
Many-worlds (multi-verse) theory
As soon as the potential exists for any object to be in any state, the universe of the object transmutes into a series of parallel universes equaling the number of possible states in which an object can exist. Stephen Hawking posits the possibility for interaction between universes.
Copenhagen interpretation: nothing exists until it is measured:
Schrödinger's cat (dead and alive)

28. Schrödinger's cat

29. Forces Behind Modernism
The sense that our culture has no center, no values.
Paradigm shift
from the closed, finite, measurable, cause-and-effect universe of the 19th century to an open, relativistic, changing, strange universe;

30. Characteristics of Modernism in Literature
Literature Exhibits Perspectivism
Meaning comes from the individual’s perspective and is thus personalized;
A single story might be told from the perspective of several different people, with the assumption that the “truth” is somewhere in the middle

31. Characteristics of Modernism in Literature
Inner psychological reality or “interiority” is represented
Stream of consciousness—portraying the character’s inner monologue

32. Characteristic of Modernism in Literature
Perception of language changes:
No longer seen as transparent, allowing us to “see through” to reality;
But now considered the way an individual constructs reality;
Language is “thick” with multiple meanings and varied connotative forces.

33. Characteristic of Modernism in Literature
Emphasis on the Experimental
Art is artifact rather than reality;
Organized non-sequentially
Experience portrayed as layered, allusive, discontinuous, using fragmentation and juxtaposition.
Ambiguous endings—open endings which are seen as more representative of reality.

34. The Armory Show: International Exhibition of Modern Art, 1913
Watershed date in American art
Introduced astonished New Yorkers, accustomed to realistic art, to modern art;
Teddy Roosevelt said, “That’s not art!”

35. Matisse

36. Cubism
Cubism—
Art in which multiple views are presented simultaneously in flattened, geometric way.

37. Cubism

38. Dadaism Dadaism –deliberately irrational Strives to have no meaning
a protest against the barbarism of the War and oppressive intellectual rigidity;
Anti-art
Strives to have no meaning
Interpretation dependent entirely on the viewer;
Intentionally offends.

39. Dadaism
Duchamp

40. Surrealism Surrealism
Grew out of Dada and automatism.
Reveals the unconscious mind in dream images, the irrational, and the fantastic,
Impossible combinations of objects depicted in realistic detail.

41. Surrealism
Magritte
Dali

42. Jackson Pollock

43. Futurism Futurism—grew out of Cubism.
Added implied motion to the shifting planes and multiple observation points of the Cubists;
Celebrated natural as well as mechanical motion and speed.
Glorified danger, war, and the machine

44. Futurism
Giacomo Balla
Kandinsky

45. Modernism Timeline 1914: Outbreak of WWI
1917: US enters war, Russian Revolution
1919:
WWI ends,
Einstein’s Relativity theory confirmed,
Prohibition begins

46. Modernism Timeline 1920 1921—Irish Free State proclaimed
League of Nations begins;
19th Amendment granting women the vote
1921—Irish Free State proclaimed
1922—Fascists march on Rome under Mussolini
1923—Charleston craze

47. Modernism Timeline 1925— 1927 Image of human face televised
Hitler published Mein Kampf
1927
Lindbergh flies solo across Atlantic
Al Jolson, first talkie

48. Modernism Timeline 1929—US stock market crashes; 1933
Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany
First German concentration camps
Prohibition ends in US

49. Modernism Timeline 1934—Hitler becomes dictator
1936—Civil War in Spain begins
1938—Germany occupies Austria
1939
Hitler and Stalin make pact;
Germany invades Poland
Great Britain and France declare war on Germany

50. Modernism Timeline 1941 1942 1944—D-Day invasion of France
Germany invades USSR
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, US enters war
1942
Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of Midway;
T-shirt invented
1944—D-Day invasion of France

51. Modernism Timeline 1945 End of war in Europe
Atomic bomb dropped on Japan
First computer built
Microwave oven invented
United Nations founded