1. Bacteria Reduction Through Bucket and Soil Treatment
Donovan Davis, Morgan Green, Catherine Nguyen, Donavan Thomas

2. Coliforms & E. coli Coliforms
Rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-spore forming
Present in plants, soil material, and the digestive systems of animals.
Escherichia coli
Is the major species within the fecal coliform group
Most varieties are harmless; pathogenic strains can cause diarrhea, cramping, nausea, and vomiting
Typically used as an indicator of water contamination
Ferments lactose with acid and gas production at 35°C
Importance of coliforms within this program, i.e. wh y we need to know about them...why they’ dre good bad etc.
Coliforms: indicate of feces in water or sewage, disease causing potential and E. coli is a sub group of the fecal coliform group.

3. RELLIS Raw Sewage Membrane Reactor Ozone Low-Tech Options Cap DI
How were samples obtained
Tertiary Treatment Systems

4. Membrane Bioreactors Combines activated sludge with microfiltration
Water is pushed through fine membranes
Particles larger than 0.4 microns are removed from water
This includes most bacteria

5. Gravity Water Filters (Bucket)
Main driving force behind filtration is gravity.
GHT 5 filter units are rated for 3000 gallons
Same components as filter systems in space (NASA technology)
Up to log₁₀7 removal of contaminants
Bacteria and viruses
Heavy metals (lead, arsenic, chlorine)
Purifies through adsorption
Flows extremely slowly
Filters ~7 gallons/day

6. Subsurface Drip Fields
A drip field consists of drip tubing placed along the contour to form a run of tubing.
Runs connected directly to the supply and return manifold form a “ladder” drip zone.
Individual runs looped together form a lateral
Tubing operates at psi
Subsurface Drip field contained a heavy clay layout making infiltration low. Drip Irrigation Systems, Polyethylene Tubing, Fertilizer Injectors, and Sprinkler Systems are one of the numerous equipment used to spare water and increment fertilizer efficiency.

7. Bucket vs Soil Bucket Filtration Economy (<$100, 3000 gal)
Portability
Reliability
Field Drip System
Volume
Flexibility
Durability

8. Coliform Reduction by Treatment
Talk about how data was collected (from heep or aquatech)
@ heep-

9. Percent Reduction by Treatment

10. Coliform Reduction by Distance (Drip)
0 ft-ssat 3
2-ssat 4
4- ssat 5
6- ssat 6

11. Summary
Both soil treatment and bucket systems were effective in removing coliforms from effluent.
Coliform counts decreased as SSAT distance from drip field increased
E. coli was not present in samples taken from SSAT
Bucket treatment was most effective at removing coliforms overall
E. coli still present in treated water
Both systems self sustain, require minimal human interference
Bucket filter units are self sterilizing, easily cleaned
Subsurface drip fields can be maintained as necessary

12. References https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/general/index.html
innovations-in-wastewater

13. Thank You
Any Questions?