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Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology

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Presentation on theme: "Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology"— Presentation transcript:

1 Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology
Endocrinology: Part B John Parrish Professor Department of Animal Sciences

2 Mechanism of Hormone Action

3 Mechanism of Hormone Action

4 Receptor Structure

5 Mechanism of Hormone Action
Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger) LH G Receptor Plasma Membrane Adenylate Cyclase C R Protein Kinase A (PKA) S-ER Steroid Synthesis Mitochondria Nucleus DNA R-ER Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis (Enzymes)

6 Mechanism of Hormone Action
Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger) LH G Receptor Plasma Membrane Adenylate Cyclase ATP cAMP C R cAMP C R Protein Kinase A (PKA) S-ER Steroid Synthesis Mitochondria Nucleus DNA R-ER Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis (Enzymes)

7 Mechanism of Hormone Action
Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger) LH G Receptor Plasma Membrane Adenylate Cyclase C R cAMP ATP cAMP Protein Kinase A (PKA) S-ER Steroid Synthesis (+ PO4) Mitochondria Nucleus DNA Histones mRNA R-ER Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis (Enzymes)

8 Mechanism of Hormone Action
Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger) Testosterone LH G Receptor Plasma Membrane Adenylate Cyclase C R cAMP ATP cAMP Protein Kinase A (PKA) S-ER Steroid Synthesis (+ PO4) Mitochondria Pregnenolone Cholesterol Nucleus DNA Histones Cholesterol mRNA R-ER Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis (Enzymes)

9 Mechanism of Hormone Action
Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger) Testosterone LH G Receptor Plasma Membrane Adenylate Cyclase C R cAMP ATP cAMP Protein Kinase A (PKA) S-ER Steroid Synthesis (+ PO4) Mitochondria Pregnenolone Cholesterol Nucleus DNA Histones Cholesterol mRNA R-ER Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis (Enzymes)

10 cAMP Second Messenger Hormones
Anterior Pituitary Hormones LH, FSH, Prolactin STH, ACTH, TSH Placental Hormones HCG, eCG

11 Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger)
GnRH G-protein Plasma Membrane PIP2 Receptor PLC R Protein Kinase C Ca2+ Secretory Granules Endoplasmic Reticulum Plasma Membrane

12 Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger)
GnRH G-protein Plasma Membrane PIP2 PIP2 Receptor PLC R Protein Kinase C Ca2+ Secretory Granules Endoplasmic Reticulum Plasma Membrane

13 Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger)
GnRH G-protein Plasma Membrane PIP2 PIP2 DAG IP3 Receptor PLC Protein Kinase C R R Ca2+ Ca2+ Secretory Granules Endoplasmic Reticulum Plasma Membrane

14 Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger)
GnRH G-protein Plasma Membrane PIP2 PIP2 DAG IP3 Receptor PLC Protein Kinase C R R Ca2+ Ca2+ Secretory Granules Endoplasmic Reticulum Plasma Membrane

15 Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger)
GnRH G-protein Plasma Membrane PIP2 PIP2 DAG IP3 Receptor PLC Protein Kinase C R R Ca2+ Ca2+ LH Fusion Secretory Granules Endoplasmic Reticulum Plasma Membrane

16 Calcium Second Messenger Hormones
GnRH triggers release of LH in anterior pituitary Oxytocin triggers contractions of smooth muscle PGF2 triggers apoptosis of cell inhibition of progesterone synthesis

17 Steroid Hormone Action (Slow)
(estrogen) Diffusion? Cell Membrane Change in Cell Physiology Cytoplasm Nucleus New Protein Receptor DNA mRNA R-ER Protein synthesis

18 Steroid Hormone Mechanism
Estradiol Progesterone Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone Cortisol

19 Steroid Hormone (Fast)
Ca2+ (cAMP second messenger) Estradiol G Receptor Plasma Membrane Adenylate Cyclase C R cAMP ATP cAMP Protein Kinase A (PKA) Ca2+ (+ PO4) Smooth Muscle Contraction (Uterine Myometrial Cell) Nucleus DNA Histones mRNA R-ER Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis (Enzymes)

20 Steroid Hormone (Fast)
Not the classical mechanism of action of a steroid hormone Requires plasma membrane receptor Operates via protein kinase activation Estradiol – smooth muscle contraction of uterus Progesterone – inhibits ion channels and thereby smooth muscle contraction of uterus, multiple kinases maybe involved

21 { Feedback Loops [ ] - - Hypothalamus Neuro-secretory Cells
Releasing Hormones Polypeptides Portal Vein - Anterior Pituitary - Gonadotropins: FSH, LH Proteins Blood Stream Gonads [ Why only effects on Receptor on Cell Surface ] target organs Cyclic AMP inside cell Testosterone { Steroid Hormone Production Estradiol Progesterone Blood Stream Bound to Protein

22 Endocrine Feedback Loops
Negative gonadal steriods Testosterone, Progesterone, Estradiol Protein hormones inhibin Positive Gonadal steroids estradiol

23 Chapter 5 of Textbook (Senger, 2012)
Contains more than covered here Responsible for all material in book Also Handout 4 (found in lecture outline)

24

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