1. Introduction to Short Story Elements

2. What are the 6 Elements of a Short Story?
Character
Setting
Plot
Conflict
Theme
Narrative Point of View (Perspective)

3. Character Definition
Characters are the people, animals or imaginary creatures that are presented in a story.
Depending on the type of text, characters can either be fictional (made up) or real individuals.

4. Character Terms to Know:
Characterization: Is the way the author develops the characters through details in the story. The more details given about the character, the more in-depth and realistic they may seem.
Characterization can be:
Direct
In-direct

5. Character Terms to Know:
Direct Characterization: tells the audience what the personality of the character is.
Example: “The patient boy and quiet girl were both well mannered and did not disobey their
mother.”
The author tells us directly that the boy and girl are quiet, well-mannered and obedient.

6. Character Terms to Know:
Indirect Characterization: gives clues that reveal the personality of a character.
Example Atticus from To Kill a Mockingbird:
“I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what.
What assumptions can you make about Atticus’ personality, values, beliefs through the indirect characterization?

7. Types of Characters
Protagonist: A literary term to describe the main or central character(s) in a story (the ‘good guy’)
Antagonist: A literary term to describe the main character in opposition with the protagonist (the ‘bad’ guy)
Secondary (Minor) Characters: Any characters presented in a story who are not part of the protagonists or antagonists

8. Character Roles
1) Static: characters do not change throughout a story, regardless of conflict or interaction with other characters.
A static character usually has a minor role.

9. Character Roles
2) Flat: characters are not fully developed through characterization and lack detail. This character type is notable for one kind of personality trait or characteristic.
Ie. ‘the mean older brother’

10. Character Roles
3) Dynamic: characters that change their temperament/ personality throughout a story, especially after conflict or interactions with other characters.
Dynamic characters usually have a major role.

11. Character Roles
4) Round: characters are portrayed with many complex details, and have a multidimensional personality. We know their thoughts, their physical description, motives, desires, ambitions etc.

12. A character often becomes round and dynamic when the reader knows:
What they look like
How they act
What they say
Who they are with
What they think
What others think about them
Why they act the way they do

13. Character Roles
5) Foil: a character that is used to enhance another character through contrast.

14. Who is a dynamic, flat, static, round or foil character
Who is a dynamic, flat, static, round or foil character? Explain your ideas.

15. 1. Protagonist or Antagonist?

16. 2. Major or Minor Character?

17. 3. Flat or Round?

18. 4. Static or Dynamic?

19. 5. Static or Dynamic?

20. 6. Is Lisa Simpson a foil character?

21. 7. Flat or round?

22. 8. Protagonist or antagonist?

23. 9. Round or flat?

24. 10. Major or minor character?