1. Identify:
Treaty of Tordesillas

2. “Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt”
Chapter 29
“Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt”

3. Progressive Movement Starts at beginning of 1900s
Goal: use the government to improve human welfare
Fought against: monopolies, corruption, inefficiency, and social injustice

4. Literature/Media Wealth Against Commonwealth: critical of Standard Oil
How the Other Half Lives: Jacob Riis

5. “Muckrakers” Term coined by TR
Reform-minded journalists, exposed corruption and scandal
Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair

6. Political Progressivism
Mainly middle-class men and women
2 goals:
Use state power to control trusts
Improve common people’s life and labor

7. Political Progressives
More power for people
Initiative
Referendum
Direct election of US senators

8. 17th Amendment
1913
Established the direct election of US senators

9. Progressive Women Club movement Women’s Trade Union League
Women’s Christian Temperance Union

10. TR’s Square Deal Believed in Progressive reforms Square Deal Program:
1. control of the corporations
2. consumer protection
3. conservation of natural resources

11. 1902: Coal Miners Strike PA 20% raise, 9 hour workday
Roosevelt steps in: 10% pay raise, 9 hr workday

12. Department of Commerce, 1903
Created to regulate disagreements between workers and management

13. “Trustbuster” Hepburn Act- 1906 (expanded ICA)
1902: Northern Securities Company (railroad trust, TR broke it up)

14. Food Safety
The Jungle

15. Food Safety Meat Inspection Act, 1906
Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 (labels)

16. Environmental Reforms
Desert Land Act- 1887
Forest Reserve Act- 1891: national parks
1900: Roosevelt set aside 125 million acres of land in federal reserves
“multiple-use resource management”: sustainably use federal land for recreation, logging, cattle grazing, etc

18. Roosevelt
Wins election in 1904
Publicly stated he would not run again

19. Roosevelt Panic of 1907 Short economic downturn
Aldrich-Vreeland Act allowed banks to issue emergency currency in the event of a shortage

20. Roosevelt as President
Enlarged powers of presidency
Shaped progressive movement
conservation

21. William Jennings Bryan- D (P)
Election of 1908
William Howard Taft- R
William Jennings Bryan- D (P)

22. Taft wins
“a round peg in a square hole”
Not the best leader

23. Dollar Diplomacy
Encouraged Americans to invest in areas of strategic interest to the US

24. Taft the Trustbuster 90 lawsuits against trusts in 4 yrs
(Roosevelt: 44 in 7 yrs)
1911: Supreme Court dissolves Standard Oil
Ruling: “a trust was illegal if it unreasonably restrained trade”

25. Taft splits Republicans
Signed Payne-Aldrich Bill
High tariff on imports
anger

26. Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
Taft strong conservationist
Fired Forestry chair: Gifford Pinchot
1910: republicans furious with Taft

27. 1911: National Progressive Republican League
Roosevelt runs for election on their ticket
Taft runs on the regular Republican ticket