3. Terms for matter map Mixture C Atoms Chemical change Can be separated
Heterogeneous O
Chemical Formula
Pure substance x2
Element
2 or more phases O2
Chemical Symbol
Solution
Compound
Homogeneous
H2O
One phase
Can not be broken down
NaCl
Physical change
Molecule
atoms

4. Matter Map 2 1 11 3 4 12 13 8 6 14 18 20 23 5 9 15 16 19 21 22 24 7 25 10 17
except 26

5. The Periodic Table General Trends • Atomic Number • Mass Number
Protons
Protons + Neutrons

6. Chem 20:Periodic table of elements

8. Metals Luster – shiny. Ductile – drawn into wires.
Malleable – hammered into sheets.
Conductors of heat and electricity

9. Transition metals
The Group B elements

10. Non-metals
Dull
Brittle
Nonconductors- insulators

11. Metalloids or Semimetals
Properties of both
Semiconductors

12. These are called the inner transition elements and they belong here

14. Subatomic particles and periodic table
Mass
Charge
Proton 1
+ve
Electron
-ve
Neutron
neutral
Atomic number = # protons
mass number = # protons + neutrons
# electrons = # protons…..in an neutral atom
Why? – because it is an uncharged particle
# neutrons= atomic mass – atomic number

15. Dalton
Model: solid sphere
Analogy: billiard ball

16. Thomson
Model: positive sphere with embedded electrons
Analogy: raisin bun

17. Rutherford’s gold foil experiment
 particles
Rutherford Simulation

18. Rutherford
Model: nuclear

19. Summary: Neils Bohr Energy Levels of Electrons
-electrons exist in distinct energy levels surrounding the nucleus
-electrons can “jump” from energy level to energy level but cannot exist between energy levels.

20. Arrangement of Electrons in Shells
Bohr theorized that the negative electrons were arranged around the positive nucleus in shells or levels
Electrons always occupy the lowest levels first.
Outer group electrons are called the Valence Electrons and are most important in determining an element’s reactions
Valence Electrons
level 1
2 max
level 2
8 max
level 3
level 4
level 5
8max 20

23. Observations and Interpretations
An observation is a direct form of knowledge obtained by one of your 5 senses. Can be qualitative or quantitative. Can be called Empirical Knowledge
An interpretation or inference is an indirect form of knowledge that builds on experience. Can be called Theoretical Knowledge

24. Types of Knowledge Classify the following statements
as empirical (observation) or theoretical and
as qualitative or quantitative
1.There are 3.0 g of NaCl in the solution.
2. The ions in solution are Na+ and Cl- because salt dissociates.
3. For each Ca2+ ion there are 2Cl- ions in a CaCl2 solution.
4. A sodium chloride solution conducts electricity as shown by the conductivity apparatus.

25. Classifying compounds
Type
Theoretical
Defn
Empirical Defn
State (SATP)
Conductivity of aqueous solution
Litmus
Ionic
metal and nonmetal
solid
high to low
No change
Molecular
nonmetal and nonmetal
s,l,g
none
Acid
aqueous molecular compounds of hydrogen
s,l,g before
dissolving
BRA
Base
ionic hydroxides
RBB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16