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Chapters 6 & 7 Chemistry 1K Cypress Creek High School
Unit 7: Periodic Table Chapters 6 & 7 Chemistry 1K Cypress Creek High School 1
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Part 3: Arrangement of the Periodic Table
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Energy Levels & Sublevels
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States of Matter Phase at room temperature…
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Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids
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Metals Found on the left side of table
Have 1, 2 or 3 valence electrons Lose electrons to form positive ions (cations) Most are silver, shiny, solid, malleable, ductile & good heat / electrical conductors Exist as solids at room temperature except for Hg (liquid)
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Nonmetals Found on the right side of table
Have 5, 6, or 7 valence electrons Gain electrons to form negative ions (anions) Most are brittle, dull, non-conductors Exist as solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature 7
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Metalloids Found along the stair-step between metals and nonmetals, excluding Al Properties are intermediate between metals & nonmetals 8
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Oxidation Numbers Number of electrons lost or gained when reacting to achieve full valence, often called the charge (ex: Na+ ; O2-) Metals - form cations (+) ; lose valence electrons d & f block metals have multiple oxidation numbers Nonmetals - form anions (-) ; gain valence electrons Metalloids - oxidation numbers vary 1+ 2+ 3+ 1- 2- 3- 4+/- multiple oxidation numbers 9
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Period/Series
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Period/Series Horizontal rows Share the same number of energy levels
Elements do not share as much in common horizontally as they do vertically
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Groups/Families
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Groups/Families Vertical columns They have similar properties
("A" families only!) Same # of valence electrons (roman numerals at the top)
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“A” Groups/Families A Electron configuration ends in "s" or "p" sublevel
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IA: Alkali Metals Most active metals Stored under oil, reacts w/water
1+ oxidation number 1 valence electron All solids
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IIA: Alkaline Earth Metals
Less reactive than IA 2+ oxidation number 2 valence electrons All solids
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VIIA: Halogens Most active nonmetals 1- oxidation number
7 valence electrons All 3 states of matter represented
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VIIIA: Noble Gases Relatively inactive / inert 0 oxidation number
8 valence electrons, except for He (2) All gases
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Hydrogen Unique element, most abundant in the universe (75%)
Gaseous nonmetal among solid metals 1+ oxidation number 1 valence electron 19
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“B” Groups/Families B Electron configuration ends in "d" or "f" sublevel
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Transition Metals Transition metals are d-block elements
More stable than other metals, with higher melting & boiling points Oxidation numbers vary 21
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Inner-Transition Metals
Inner transition metals are f block elements Lanthanide series is the top row (begins with Lanthanum) Actinide series is the bottom row (begins with Actinum) Most are rare, man-made, or radioactive Oxidation numbers vary
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