1. What is the difference between a mountain lion cougar and puma?
Warm up
What is the difference between a mountain lion cougar and puma?

2. I. Why classify?
To name and organize living organisms in a logical manner
All names universally accepted in Latin

3. II. Taxonomy - science of classifying organisms universally
There are 7 categories or taxons (in order)
Kingdom (largest) “King
Phylum Phillip
Class Came
Order Over
Family For
Genus Good
Species (smallest) Spaghetti”

4. II. Taxonomy Broadest category = Kingdom There are 6 kingdoms
A new taxon called the domain has been introduced
One level higher than kingdom
Groups organism according to molecular analysis
3 domains are Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

5. III. Binomial Nomenclature
A two part name consisting of a genus and species
Established by Carolus Linnauus
Always in Latin

6. III. Binomial Nomenclature
Rules
First name= Genus- This is a group of closely related species
Must be capitalized (first letter) and underlined
Second name= Species- something unique to each species within the genus
It’s not capitalized, but must be underlined
Both names may also be italicized
Ex: Homo sapien or Homo sapien

8. IV. How do we group organisms?
Early classifications used visible similarities; some still used are
Homologous structures
Development of embryos
Fossil studies

9. IV. How do we group organisms?
Biologists now group organisms into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent, or phylogeny
Claudistic analysis- method used to establish evolutionary relationships- based on derived characteristics (new traits that arise as a group evolves over time)
Derived characteristics used to construct a cladogram

11. Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains
Section 18-3
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
DOMAIN EUKARYA
Kingdoms
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
DOMAIN BACTERIA

12. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VISIBLE SIMILARITIES
Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram
Section 18-2
Appendages
Conical Shells
Crustaceans
Gastropod
Crab
Barnacle
Limpet
Crab
Barnacle
Limpet
Molted exoskeleton
Segmentation
Tiny free-swimming larva
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VISIBLE SIMILARITIES
CLADOGRAM

13. IV. How do we group organisms?
Biochemical comparisons are valuable
ATP
DNA-proteins- very important. The more similar the DNA sequences of 2 species, the more recently they shared a common ancestor & the closely they are related in evolutionary terms.
RNA

14. V. The 6 kingdoms Domain Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Kingdoms Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Cell Type
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Cell Structure
Cell wall,
Peptidoglycan
Cell wall, NO Peptidoglycan
Mixed
Chitin
Cell Wall,
Cellulose
No cell wall
Body Type
Unicellular
Unicellular Multicellular
Uni/Multicellular
Multicell.
Nutrition
Autotroph
Heterotroph