1. Chemistry 1.1 Chemical investigation on rate of reaction
Internally assessed
4 credits
This standard will require you to carry out a practical investigation on one factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction, collect your own results and produce a full laboratory report with aim, method, results, discussion and conclusion with direction.

2. Scientific investigation
Science is based around investigation, in which we design experiments to test the aim of the investigation. This requires careful design and recording of the results (observation), and from the results we can often draw conclusions about our investigation.

3. Scientific investigation
Scientific investigation usually involves 5 things:
Aim (Why are you doing this?)
Hypothesis (What you think is going to happen?)
Method (which includes how you are going to do the experiment and what equipment you need)
Results (recording and processing of observation)
Conclusions

4. What is the rate of a chemical reaction?
The rate of chemical reaction is basically the speed at which the chemical reaction takes place, or how fast the particles react. (chemicals are made of particles)
Right now in your body there are countless chemical reactions happening all the time!

5. How do chemical reactions happen?
In order for a reaction to happen, particles must come in close proximity or ‘collide’ with each other, however not all collisions are successful.
In order for a reaction to occur successfully the particles must collide with the correct orientation and with the correct energy.

6. How do chemical reactions happen?
Faster rate of collisions means a faster reaction.

7. Some of the factors that can affect the rate of reaction
Concentration of substances
Temperature at which the reaction has taken place
Surface area of the substance (powdered or as a lump)
Catalyst (things that will help the reactions go faster)

8. Experiment:
Analyze the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction.
We are going to react some sodium bicarbonate with HCl at different temperatures (20, 30 and 40 degrees, bunsen to help you, don’t need a lot, share the acids) to see if there is a difference in the rate of reaction.
You got to think about:
1. How much acid you use every time.
2. How much sodium bicarbonate you use every time.
3. How are you going to measure the reaction speed (stop watch? How quickly do all of the bicarbonate disappear? You may want to try add 1 drop of detergent and see if that can help you decide how to measure the rate of reaction
Collect your results and write a conclusion for your results, and discuss if your result is valid.

9. What will make the collisions happen faster?
More particles
Particles moving faster
Particle have more energy
Less energy needed to react

10. Factors Affecting Rates of Reaction
Concentration
Number of particles in a certain volume
More particles = more collisions per sec (see animation)
More particles means more have sufficient energy to react.
COPY

11. Factors Affecting Rates of Reaction
Temperature
Faster vibration/movement
More collisions per second
More energy in each collision (so more result in a reaction.)
Increase temp increases rate of reaction
COPY

12. Factors Affecting Rates of Reaction
Surface area
More particles exposed
Greater number of collisions per second
The smaller the pieces the larger the surface area.
Larger SA faster rate of reaction

13. Factors Affecting Rates of Reaction
Catalysts
Lowers the energy needed to react
More particles have sufficient energy to react