1. Regular Verbs See page 22 of Course Book
Both Past and Past Participle end with ed.
Past Participle always uses have.

2. Irregular verbs
Past and Past Participle are different from Base Form and Present Participle.
Find  Found
But Past and Past Participle match.
Found  have found

3. Irregular verbs Some irregular verbs have different forms.
Drink  is drinking  drank  have drunk
All you can do is look them up and memorize them
Or at least know that irregular verbs exist so that you can look them up and avoid saying things like…
Have drank, have forsooken, forsaked, or have wrote.

4. Six Troublesome Verbs NOTE—This info is in the Style Guide.
Write these notes opposite of page 22
Lie—to rest or to be in place
Lie is lying  lay  have lain
This word does not usually take an object
I will lie down for a nap
The guitar is lying on the floor (as in resting)

5. Six Troublesome Verbs Lay—To put something in a place
This word usually takes an object
Lay  Is laying  laid  have laid

6. Six Troublesome Verbs I will lay the guitar on the floor.
I will lay your drunk sister on the table
Your sister’s friend laid you on the couch.
Your mom got laid by the neighbor in the shower (more on passives in a day or two.)

7. Six Troublesome Verbs
Sit—to be seated in an upright position or to be in place.
Sit  is sitting  sat  have sat
I will sit here until lunch.
The stuffed bear sits / is sitting / sat / has sat on the shelf.

8. Six Troublesome Verbs
Set—to put something in place; usually takes an object.
Set  is setting  set  have set
I will set the vase on the window sill.

9. Six Troublesome Verbs Rise—to go up or get up
Does not take an object.
Rise  is rising  rose  have risen
I will rise from the couch
The price of oranges has risen.

10. Six Troublesome Verbs Raise—to lift up or cause something to rise.
Generally takes an object.
Raise  is raising  raised  have raised
The wholesalers have raised the prices.

11. Progressive Form Write these notes opposite of page 23.
Expresses continuing action…think progress.
Uses a linking verb and a participle
ing word
This form can be used in
Past, future, and perfect (has, had, have)

12. Emphatic Form
Always uses Do
Did
Does

13. The Various Tenses—p23 Present Tense Past Tense
Maria races down the court and shoots the ball.
Maria is racing down the court.
Past Tense
The runner fell and injured his knee.
He was trying to beat the record for his event.

14. The Various Tenses—p23 Future Tense Perfect Tense
The president will not return to Washington today.
Perfect Tense
Uses has, have, or had
Mike and Tom have already entered the marathon.
He has been coaching soccer since 1963.

15. The Various Tenses—p23 Past Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense
Paul had traveled several miles before he realized his mistake.
If I had used the spellchecker, I would have corrected the spelling errors.
Future Perfect Tense
By the time school begins, I will have saved enough money to buy a car.

16. Active and Passive Voice—p24-25
The passive voice sequence consists of:
Past tense linking verb
Past tense verb
Prepositional phrase that always begins with BY
These items are always in direct succession.

17. Active and Passive Voice
The Active Voice—emphasizes the subject on the left side of the verb, and this commonly occurs early in the sentence.
EXAMPLE: I completed my homework last night.
Explanation: I is the subject as it is the element that commits the verb action—I am completing my homework.

18. Active and Passive Voice
My homework was completed
My homework was completed by me.
Active:
I completed my homework
Subject: Me  I

19. MOOD
Write these notes on the page opposite of page 25 in your Course Book.

20. MOOD Indicative Mood: expresses a fact, opinion or a question.
He was a physicist who won a prize
Imperative mood: expresses a command or a request.
Now you know. These usually don’t cause people problems.

21. MOOD Fact that many people don’t know:
Subjunctive mood: expresses a suggestion, a necessity, a condition contrary to fact (if, then), or a wish.
Fact that many people don’t know:
were is the only past form of be in the Subjunctive mood.

22. MOOD Example: If I were you, I’d have the tires checked.
NOT—If I was you
He sounded as though he were a thousand miles away.