1. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

2. Purpose: transportation- move substances to and from cells
linking cells with the outside environment
Substances include: O2, CO2, H2O, nutrients (glucose), vitamins, hormones, and cell wastes

3. Types of Circulatory System
Open Circulatory System-blood not enclosed in vessels, it flows directly into body tissues where it bathes tissues
Example- grasshopper- blood is kept moving by breathing and movement of animal
Note: blood is clear, No hemoglobin, it does not carry O2 or CO2 only nutrients and cellular wastes

4. OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

5. Types of Circulatory System
Closed Circulatory System- blood always contained in tubes or vessels
Example –Earthworm or Human
Note- Main difference between closed and open system is blood in closed system is under pressure, blood moves faster as a result

6. CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

7. Human Circulatory System
3 Main parts include
Heart
Blood
Blood vessels

8. Blood Vessels Function–carry blood to and from the cells in the body
3 types of blood vessels
Arteries- take blood away from the heart to body
Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small arteries are called arterioles)
Thick , elastic walls
Blood under the most pressure
Contain O2-rich blood

9. Blood Vessels Veins- Return blood back to the heart from the body
Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small veins are called venules)
Thin, only slightly elastic
One-way valves help blood to flow in one direction
Muscles of the body help to squeeze the veins and move blood back to heart
Contain O2- poor blood (CO2)

10. Blood Vessels
Capillaries- tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins
Single cell thick- very thin so materials can easily pass through to body cells (exchange gases and nutrients for wastes)
Narrow, thin vessels allow red cells to pass in a single file

12. HEART

13. HEART Location- left center of chest between lungs
Function- muscular pump to push blood through blood vessels
Made of- Cardiac Muscle tissue
Never gets tired
Muscle fibers are intertwined
Muscle fibers contract and relax together as one unit

14. HEART
Heartbeat- lub-dub sound of closing valves (AV-valves then semi-lunar valves)
Cycle of heartbeat
Contraction of heart= Systole (Squeeze)
Relaxation of heart = Diastole (Dilate)
Pulse= heart rate found in your arteries
(artery expands (heart contracts) and relaxes (heart relaxes)
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15. HEART Heart Chambers Atria- upper chambers (right & left)
Receive blood from body or lungs
Thin walls
Ventricles- lower chambers (right & left)
Push blood away to the body or lungs
Thick walls
Septum – wall in middle of heart that separates the O2 rich side (left) from the O2 poor side (right)

17. Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart:
Left atria (bicuspid valve)
Left ventricle (semi-lunar valve)
Aorta (main artery)
Body (upper and lower)
Vena Cava Vein ( Superior[from above heart]& inferior [from below heart)

18. Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart:
6. Right Atria (tricuspid valve) 7. Right Ventricle (semi-lunar valve) 8. Pulmonary Arteries (to lungs) 9. Lungs (exchange CO2 for O2) 10. Pulmonary Veins (to heart) 11. Left Atria (back at the beginning)

19. BLOOD PRESSURE Disorder- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Unit- millimeters of Mercury (Hg)
 Normal Adult Blood Pressure (BP) = 120/80
120mmHg Systole/ 80mmHg Diastole
 Measurement Device- Sphygmomanometer (Blood Pressure Cuff)
 Disorder- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Diagnosis- Blood Pressure number greater than 140mm Systole or 90mm Diastole
Treatment- exercise, weight loss and medication

20. Disorders of Circulatory System
Atherosclerosis- (hardening of the arteries) excess cholesterol and fat deposits on inner walls of arteries restricting blood flow and increasing blood pressure
Treatment- Cholesterol medication (Lipitor) and diet restriction of fat and cholesterol

21. Disorders of the circulatory system
Heart attack (myocardial infarction) - Blood flow in the coronary artery becomes severely restricted or completely restricted and results in heart muscle death
 Treatment:
Angioplasty (balloon to open the artery’s blood flow)
Stent- artificial brace to keep the artery open (like a Chinese finger puzzle)
Bypass surgery- connect a new blood vessel around the blockage (artery from patient’s leg)
Healthy Diet & exercise, lower stress, quit smoking

25. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Function- collects excess intracellular fluid and protein from intracellular spaces and returns it to the blood 
Intracellular fluid – mostly water, salts, proteins and nutrients that help move materials between capillaries and the cells
Lymph Fluid is pushed through system by muscles contracting

26. Parts of Lymphatic system
1. Lymphatic Capillaries -absorb fluid and fluid goes into
2. Lymphatic vessels-tubes which connect to
3. Lymph ducts- which collect fluid and the fluid diffuses back into blood vessels

27. Parts of the lymphatic system
***Lymph nodes -many vessels come together and foreign matter [microbe] is filtered out of fluid, white blood cells are produced by some nodes***inflammation results and you get “swollen glands”
Spleen- also considered part of the Lymph system