1. Chapter 21 Hoover Gets the Blame FDR and the New Deal
Worst of Times, Best of Times

2. Hoover Referred to the economic downturn as a “depression”
Causes of Great Depression
Complex

3. Causes Consumer debt Decreased demand for industrial production
Increased unemployment

4. Blame Businessmen Federal government intervention
Federal government failure to intervene
International economic situation

5. Blame
Much of the blame fell to Herbert Hoover

6. Efforts
Optimism
Public works
Revenue Act
Calls for cooperation

7. Efforts
Federal Farm Board
PECE
POUR
National Credit Corporation

8. Efforts
Money to state governments for relief

9. Government Work relief Desire to have balanced budget RFC
Smoot-Hawley Tariff

10. Demands By 1932: GNP had dropped more than half
Over 5,000 banks failed
Businesses closed
Evictions

11. Demands
Bonus Army
Wanted early payment of a bonus promised to them later
Not supported in Congress

12. Demands Bonus Army Forcibly evicted from DC McArthur
Hoover took responsibility

13. 1932 Hoover renominated by Republicans
Franklin Roosevelt nominated by Democrats
Governor of NY

14. 1932 Traditions or innovations? FDR avoided explaining his plans
“New Deal”
FDR wins election by large margin

15. 1932 Hoover still had four months left FDR would not cooperate
Banking crisis

16. The New Deal Congress called into special session The “bank holiday”
No exports of gold
Off the gold standard

17. The New Deal The “Hundred Days” “Brain Trust” “Fireside chats”
Congress cooperated with FDR’s agenda

18. The New Deal Relief, recovery, reform Emergency Banking Act CCC PWA
WPA

19. The New Deal
AAA
NIRA
NRA
NIRA and AAA declared unconstitutional

20. The New Deal
FDIC
TVA
Social Security Act
REA

21. The New Deal Opposition from Right Great expense, debt
Greater government regulation
Not bringing recovery

22. The New Deal
Opposition from Right
Supreme Court struck down NIRA, AAA

23. The New Deal Opposition from Left Huey Long “Share Our Wealth”
Assassinated 1935

24. The New Deal Opposition from Left Francis Townsend
Pensions for elderly
Charles Coughlin
“Social justice”

25. The New Deal Court-packing plan Very unpopular Failed in Congress
Court turned in FDR’s direction anyway

26. 1936 Republicans had just one viable candidate Alf Landon
Governor of KS
Literacy Digest poll

27. 1936
FDR won every state except ME, VT

28. The New Deal Economy took another downturn in 1937
Labor unions gaining strength

29. Unions John L. Lewis United Mine Workers AFL
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

30. Unions CIO sit-down strikes at rubber plants in Ohio Violence
Property rights

31. Unions Sit-down strikes outlawed by Court
AFL and CIO eventually reunite

32. Depression Families suffered “Bread lines” Many applied for relief
Homelessness

33. Depression Race Half of African- Americans unemployed
Many sharecroppers move to North, West

34. Depression Black Americans begin voting Democrat in large numbers
Hispanics

35. The Good Times Amusements Gone With the Wind Hollywood films Radio
War of the Worlds

36. The Good Times Diversions Kidnapping of the Lindbergh baby
Criminal activities
Amelia Earhart
Other air disasters

37. The Good Times
Diversions
New York World’s Fair
“World of Tomorrow”