1. The Brain
Intro to Psychology

2. The Brain On average, weighs 3 lbs
Brain has 3 parts: brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum
The cerebrum has two halves – left & right hemisphere
Each hemisphere has 4 Lobes

3. 3 Pounds = 3 parts

4. Cerebrum
1) Cerebral Cortex (aka gray matter)
Outermost (20 mm thick)
composed of six thin layers of neurons, which sit on top of a large collection of white matter pathways. 
2) White matter – network of fibers that enables regions of the brain to communicate with each other
Contains centers of cognition, personality and coordination of complex movement

5. The Corpus Callosum
Bundle of fibers that connect left and right hemispheres
Delivers messages from one side to the other
Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body

6. Frontal Lobe Movement of the body Personality, behavior
Concentration, planning, problem solving
Meaning of words
Emotional reactions
Speech (Broca’s area)
Smell
Intelligence, concentration, self-awareness
Judgment

7. Frontal Lobe cont’d
The prefrontal cortex is the cerebral cortex covering the front part of the frontal lobe. 
-planning complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior
basic activity of this brain region: the orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals
- executive function

8. Parietal Lobe (pa·ri·e·tal )
Sense of touch, pain, temperature
Language processing
Spatial and visual perception
Integrating information from different senses to build a picture of the world
What and Where things are

9. Temporal Lobe Sequencing and organization Hearing Emotion
Long term memory
Understanding language (Wernicke’s area)

10. Wernicke’s vs Broca’s
Wernicke’s: sensory speech
Using the correct words to express thoughts
Broca’s: motor speech
Movements required to produce speech

11. Occipital Lobe
Sight
Responsible for processing visual information from the eyes – color, motion, orientation

13. Locations of Lobes

14. The Cerebellum Coordinates fine motor and muscle movement
Maintain posture and balance
Latin “little brain”

15. Limbic System Located inside the brain; “emotional brain”
Controls emotions like happiness, sadness and love
Response to stress and connected to endocrine & nervous system

16. Hypothalamus- biological “To Do” list
(homeostasis, emotion, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythms, and control of the autonomic nervous system)
The Four F’s (feeding, fighting, flighting and _______)
Thalamus- sensory and motor functions. Almost all sensory information enters this structure; neurons send that information to the overlying cortex.
Hippocampus- important for learning and memory for converting short term memory to more permanent memory, and for recalling spatial relationships in the world about us 
-without it..you wouldn’t live in the present
Amygdala- involved in memory, emotion, and fear
“Amy” is a shut-in; she is fearful of what will happen outside.

17. The Brainstem Acts as relay center
Monitors the rules of the road
State troopers
Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord
Performs many automatic functions (breathing, heart rate, body temp, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, swallowing and vomiting)

18. Plasticity
Brain's unique ability to constantly change, grow, and remap itself over the course of a lifetime
“plastic” = “moldable”
1st - birth and development into children
immature brain grows and creates neural networks at an unprecedented rate, as the brain is flooded with new sensory input from the outside world.
2nd - during lifetime, as brain changes with age to reflect new experiences & events
3rd - in wake of injury
*Without this characteristic, the brain would remain static, frozen at a particular point in time.
JODY