1. DNA and RNA
Pages

2. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)--contains all the information for growth and function.
Chromosomes are made of DNA.
Double Helix- Large DNA molecule that looks like a twisted ladder.
Each step of the ladder is made of nitrogen bases connected by phosphates and sugars.
Gene--A section of DNA

3. DNA’s Nitrogen Bases Adenine always pairs with Thymine in DNA
Cytosine always pairs with Guanine
DNA Video

4. Copying DNA When DNA needs to copy itself, it “unzips.”
Copies are made using the original as a blueprint.
Enzyme--Protein that regulates chemical reactions in cells.
Is the unzipper!.
DNA Replication

5. RNA and its Bases
Ribonucleic acid--Carries the codes for making proteins.
RNA looks like a double helix that has been sawed in half.
Cytosine always pairs with Guanine
Adenine always pairs with Uracil in RNA
In RNA, Uracil replaces Thymine

6. The Three Types of RNA: mRNA
mRNA-copies the code from the DNA and will read it to the rRNA (rRNA). (m-messenger)

7. Making Proteins
Transcription- when the information from the DNA is copied.
The mRNA takes the copied information to the rRNA.
Making mRNA

8. The Three Types of RNA: rRNA
rRNA- where proteins are made. (r-ribosome)

9. The Three Types of RNA: tRNA
tRNA—carries the anticodon (therefore amino acids) to the correct place to bond. (t-transfer)

10. The mRNA shows the code to the tRNA who translates the information and bonds the nitrogens in the correct place.
Translation- when the tRNA reads the nucleic “language” joining amino acid “language.”
Codon- mRNA code from the DNA
Anticodon- Group of the 3 nitrogens that will join the RNA codon.(On the tRNA)
Overview of RNA synthesis

11. Proteins Proteins- the building blocks of organisms.
Proteins are made when amino acids bond.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Each cell in your body produces only the proteins necessary to do its job.

12. Translation