1. India’s Geography and Government

2. Geography Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world.
Two rivers- Ganges River and Indus River
Very Fertile land

5. Monsoons Important part of climate. Winter it brings dry air
Summer it brings wet air.
The rains brought by monsoon have a huge effect on farming.

7. http://videos. howstuffworks
prehistory-ancient-warriors-of-india-video.htm

8. India’s First Civilization
Harappan Civilization
Around 3000 B.C. to 1500 B.C.
Made up of more than 1,000 villages
Two Major cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
Carefully planned cities
More than 35,000 people in the cities

10. Houses
Made of mud brick
Wells to get water
Indoor bathrooms
Garbage chutes

14. No written records so you have to look at ruins They were farmers
Harappan Society
No written records so you have to look at ruins
They were farmers
Made copper and bronze tools.
Jewelry was made out of gold and shells

16. Traded with Mesopotamians
Weapons were rare so they were peaceful society
Harappan civilization fell about B.C.
No one knows why

17. Nomads who settled in India Good fighters
Aryans
Nomads who settled in India
Good fighters
Cattle very important because they provided milk, meat, and butter
So important used cattle as money
Later declared cattle were holy and forbid people to use them as food.
Created the language of Sanskrit

19. Caste: a social group someone is born into and can not change.
Caste System
Caste: a social group someone is born into and can not change.
Created by Aryans
Why? No one knows exactly
believed they were better than the people in India.
People in India outnumbered the Aryans, helped Aryans stay in control
The Social Classes:

20. http://videos. howstuffworks
hinduism-the-caste-system-video.htm

23. Caste decides what job you will have, whom you will marry, and with whom you can socialize with.
The top four classes were called varnas.

24. Pariahs-Untouchables
Performed work other Indians thought was too dirty
Ex: handling dead bodies
Very hard life
Indians believed being near them was harmful.
Had to live away from everyone

25. Chandragupta united parts of India Called it the Gupta Empire
Grew very wealthy from trade
Known as the Golden Age of India

28. Indian Math and Science
Developed algebra
Invented algorithms
Knew that the Earth was round and revolved around the sun
Form of plastic surgery.

29. Literature Mahabharata- longest poem in any written language.
Around (88,000 verses!)
Several different authors wrote it.