1. COMPLEX SENTENCES
Grammar review #3

2. What is a complex sentence?=
Sentence contains one independent clause and onE or more dependent clauses

3. TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES
Adverbial clauses
Adjective clauses
Noun clauses

4. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES ADVERBIAL CLAUSE =
MODIFIES A VERB, ADJECTIVE, OR ADVERB
TELLS WHEN, WHERE, HOW, WHY, OR TO WHAT EXTENT OR DEGREE

5. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE INTRODUCED BY…
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
AFTER
AS THOUGH
SINCE
WHEN
ALTHOUGH
BECAUSE
SO THAT
WHENEVER AS
BEFORE
THAN
WHERE
AS IF IF
THOUGH
WHEREVER
AS LONG AS
IN ORDER THAT
UNLESS
WHILE
AS SOON AS
PROVIDED THAT
UNTIL

6. WHEN WHERE HOW WHY TO WHAT EXTENT/DEGREE
The musicians arrived before we left.
WHERE
The band practiced wherever they could find space.
HOW
The music sounded as if the instruments were well tuned.
WHY
They worked hard because they wanted the Rose Bowl invitation.
TO WHAT EXTENT/DEGREE
We stayed and listened as long as we could.
TELLS…
WHEN
WHERE
HOW
WHY
TO WHAT EXTENT/DEGREE

7. CAUTION!!!!!! Preposition: We will stay until 9 o’clock. (PHRASE)
Some subordinating conjunctions are also used as prepositions. They are subordinating conjunctions only when they are used to introduce a clause!!!!
Preposition: We will stay until 9 o’clock. (PHRASE)
Conjunction: We will stay until he arrives. (CLAUSE)

8. NOTE!!!!!!
Sometimes in an adverbial clause the subject and verb are understood and not stated
EXAMPLE: He behaved as if crazed.
- How? As if he were crazed
EXAMPLE: I was unaware of time while sewing.
- When? While I was sewing

9. COMPLEX SENTENCES & COMMAS
USE A COMMA AFTER AN INTRODUCTORY DEPENDENT CLAUSE (COMMA SHOWS THAT NATURAL ORDER OF SENTENCE HAS BEEN CHANGED)

10. TELLS… WHEN WHERE HOW WHY TO WHAT EXTENT/DEGREE
The musicians arrived before we left.
Before we left, the musicians arrived.
WHERE
The band practiced wherever they could find space.
Wherever they could find space, the band practiced.
HOW
The music sounded as if the instruments were well tuned.
As if the instruments were well tuned, the music sounded.
WHY
They worked hard because they wanted the Rose Bowl invitation.
Because they wanted the Rose Bowl invitation, they worked hard.
TO WHAT EXTENT/DEGREE
We stayed and listened as long as we could.
As long as we could, we stayed and listened.
TELLS…
WHEN
WHERE
HOW
WHY
TO WHAT EXTENT/DEGREE