1. Biological Compounds
You are what you eat

3. CARBOHYDRATES Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Formula: CH2O
Building Blocks: Simple Sugars
Rich energy source
Sugars & Starches

4. Sugars & Starches Sugars can be natural or added in food.
Sugars are easily “burned” for energy
Starches are composed of many simple sugars
Starches are stored energy molecules

5. Building Blocks of Sugars
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Disaccharide

6. LIPIDS Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Very rich in energy.
Critical for cell membranes and nerve impulses
Fats, Oils, Waxes, Steroids

7. Building Blocks: Glycerol & Fatty Acids
Glycerol is a 3 carbon molecule, able to bond with another molecule at each carbon
Fatty acids are long chains of carbon, each with hydrogen or hydroxyls
Each chain has an acid end

8. Lipids are essential for life
Triglycerides are for energy storage.
Help with vitamin absorption
Phospholipids are the major component of cell membranes
Phosphate replaces one of the fatty acids

9. PROTEINS Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON)
Subunits are Amino acids
Enzymes, Hormones, Pigments, Neurotransmitters, Structural (muscles)

10. Proteins Do the Work of the Cell
Shape is important
Shape determines the function of the protein
Shape is determined by the amino acids
Type
Number
Sequence (arrangement)

11. Building Blocks: Amino Acids
Each Amino acid is composed of a carbon base, an acid group, and an amine group
The “R” site, or radical, varies in each amino acid
As simple as a H atom
As complex as a ring structure

12. Amino Acids 20 different varieties of amino acid
Form the “alphabet” of proteins

13. NUCLEIC ACIDS: Genetic Information Storage
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous (CHONP)
Subunits are nucleotides
Found in DNA and RNA

14. Building Blocks: Nucleotides
Each nucleotide is composed of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base
4 nucleotides in DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
4 nucleotides in RNA
Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

15. Two Types of Nucleic Acids
DNA holds the genes, the genetic information
It is a double-stranded molecule
RNA acts as a working copy of the DNA
It is single-stranded molecule

16. The Others
Compounds that are essential to life, but don’t fit in the other categories
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

17. VITAMINS These compounds don’t fit easily into the other categories
Derived from amino acid or saccharide
Often contains a metal
Vitamins are biological compounds that assist in metabolic processes.

18. MINERALS
Minerals are non-biological compounds that assist in metabolic processes
Naturally occurring
Form ions (electrolytes)

19. WATER Functions due to chemical properties Necessary to sustain life
Hydrogen bonding
Necessary to sustain life
Allows chemical reactions to occur
Provides solution for transport of compounds