1. LOWER LIMB
HIP JOINT

2. Muscles of the Hip

3. Overview Muscles that cross the hip joint anteriorly
Psoas major
Illiacus
Muscles of the gluteal area
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Lateral rotators of the hip

4. Psoas Major & Iliacus Origin of Psoas Major:
Lumbar vertebrae, intervertebral discs and transverse processes
Origin of Iliacus:
Fan shaped origin in fossa iliaca

5. Common insertion of Psoas Major and Iliacus:
Psoas Major & Iliacus
Common insertion of Psoas Major and Iliacus:
Lesser trochanter of femur

6. Psoas Major & Iliacus Action: Flexion of hip joint
Lateral rotation of hip joint
Stabilisation of hip joint during walking

7. Psoas Major & Iliacus Innervation: Psoas Major L2-L3 Iliacus
Femoral nerve

8. Gluteus Maximus

9. Gluteus Maximus Origin:
Lateral surface of ileum, behind the gluteal line
Dorsal surface (posterior surface) of sacrum, coccyx and sacrotuberous ligament
Ileum
Ischium
Pubis

10. Gluteus Maximus Insertion: Superficial ¾ ~ iliotibial tract
Deep ¼ ~gluteal tuberosity on femur

11. Gluteus Maximus Action:
Powerful extensor of the hip joint ~ only when strength is needed i.e.:
Rising from a sitting position
Climbing stairs
Running
Powerful lateral rotator of the thigh ~ when thigh is extended
Regulate flexion when sitting
Losses strength when thigh is flexed

12. Gluteus Maximus
Innervation:
Inferior gluteal nerve

13. Gluteus Medius Origin:
Lateral aspect of ileum ~ between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

14. Gluteus Medius Insertion:
Oblique insertion onto greater trochanter of femur

15. Gluteus Medius Action:
NB: Muscle lies in same coronal plane as hip joint
In the anatomical position, the greater trochanter of the femur lies slightly more posterior than the hip joint

16. Gluteus Medius Action:
Abduction, as well as, medial rotation of hip joint
Plays an important role in walking
When the support of one leg is taken away in upright standing position, the opposite muscle will contract reflexively. This prevents the pelvis from tilting

17. Gluteus Medius Action:
Paralysis of muscle causes the typical “goose gait” (Trendelenburg sign)

18. Gluteus Medius
Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

19. Gluteus Minimus Origin:
Lateral surface of the ileum ~ between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

20. Gluteus Minimus Insertion:
Anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

21. Gluteus Minimus Action:
Relationship of gluteus minimus the same as gluteus medius, therefore the action is essentially the same

22. Gluteus Minimus
Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

23. Lateral rotators of the hip
Piriformis
Internal obturator
Superior gemellus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris
External obturator

24. Lateral rotators of the hip