1. Acids and Bases

2. Acid
produces hydronium ions in water
Hydronium ion hydrogen ion separates from acid and bonds with water molecule-Hᶵ
taste sour
turns blue litmus paper red
reacts with metals (corrosive)
ex. vinegar, lemon juice
muriatic acid, sulfuric acid

3. Base
produces hydroxide ions in water
Hydroxide ions- nature part of water
OH¯
tastes bitter
feels slippery
turns red litmus paper blue
ex. soap, ammonia, sodium hydroxide

4. Strength of Acids/Bases
Indicator
how well acid/base produces ions in water
strong acids produce more H ions
strong bases produce more OH ions
determines how to safely use a substance
changes color in presence of acid or base
Litmus paper

5. pH Scale
ranges from 1 to 14
shows concentration of H ions in solution
low number below 7 = high H ions acidic
high number above 7 = low H ions basic (alkaline)
pH of 7 = neutral (pure water)

6. normal rain = pH 5.5
acidic rain = pH of 3.5 to 3.0
comes from nitrogen and sulfur oxides
oxides released from pollutants in air
lower pH is more corrosive
Acid Rain

7. Neutralization Reaction
reaction between an acid and a base
produces a salt and water