1. WARM UP
Write in your notebook for today’s date that the warm up was the quiz
Take out your foldable and a pen or pencil.

2. Weathering of Rocks 2 main types of weathering
Mechanical weathering requires physical forces to break rocks into smaller pieces.
Chemical weathering requires the transformation of rock into one or more new compounds.

3. Mechanical Weathering – Frost Action
water forces its way into the cracks
water freezes which causes the crack to expand
more water fills the cracks and freezes
rocks split apart

4. Mechanical Weathering –Exfoliation
rocks are uplifted and the rock surface is eroded away
dome shaped rock
outer edges are cracked and break loose – exfoliation.

5. Mechanical Weathering –Landslide & Abrasion
Mass movement of rocks and soil down a slope
Abrasion
Wearing away of rocks by solid particles carried by wind water or other forces

6. Mechanical Weathering – Biological Activity
animals burrow through the rock
Root Pry – plant grows in the crack of a rock making it larger

7. Chemical Weathering – Water
Most important agent of chemical weathering
dissolves various gases from the atmosphere and soil
causes a reaction with minerals in the rocks

8. Chemical Weathering Oxidation: Carbonation:
Oxygen reacts with the metals in the rocks to produce oxide (rust) to create a yellow to reddish-brown rocks
Carbonation:
Carbonic acid (CO2 + H2O) dissolves away the surface of the rocks

9. Rate of Weathering
Rock characteristics - granite rocks are more resistant to weathering while marble (calcium carbonate) dissolves easily with acid rain
Softer minerals will wear away quicker leaving peaks and holes in the rock structures
Areas with more cracks will break apart more quickly

10. Rate of Weathering Climate
Temperate climates have greater frost wedging and chemical weathering
Influences the types of vegetation that grows in the area
Dry, arid climates and polar climates have slow weathering of rocks

11. Rate of Weathering Physical Weathering INCREASES surface area
MORE CHEMICAL WEATHERING CAN OCCUR

12. Mass Movement Rock Slides (landslides) Rock Falls Slumps Mudflows
Earthflow
Creep

13. Rockfalls
What type of weathering has taken place to cause this mass movement?
Explain how this mass movement happened.

14. Rockslides
A block of material moves suddenly along a flat, inclined surface
Among the fastest mass movements
Can be over 200 km/hour
Mostly triggered by rain or melting snow

15. Mud flow Moves very quickly downhill
Similar to concrete- contains silt and clay.
Common in California

16. Earth Flow Slower than a mudflow
Marked by a “Scarp” in the land at the top of the elevation and a “Toe” at the bottom.

17. Slump
Leaves a crescent shape cliff at the top marked by a layers of soil that seemed to fall straight down.

18. These are both drawing of very slow mass movements called Creep
These are both drawing of very slow mass movements called Creep. Leaning trees and cracked roads are evidence this mass movement has taken place.

19. I-40 Rockslide

22. 1997 I-40 Rockslide

24. What mass movement is this?

25. Based on the events in the diagram, what mass movement is being illustrated here?