1. Russia and Japan: Industrialization outside of the west
Mrs. Booth

2. Russia’s Reforms and Industrial Advance
Catherine the Great wanted to make sure that no revolts/uprisings occurred among their lower class as in the French Revolution.
In fact, leading up to 1861 many people looked to Russia as a model of community and stability.
Remember, they still follow a system of serfdom

3. Holy Alliance
A new tsar, Alexander I, sponsors an idea that will include an alliance among the the conservative monarchies of Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
They were joining this alliance in defense of their religion and in defense of one another
The alliance did very little in practice

4. Decembrist uprisings
Russia’s ruling elite welcomed most westernization into the country, EXCEPT for liberal or radical political views
1825- the Decembrist Uprising was a revolt of western oriented army officers
It inspired the tsar at the time, Nicholas I, to instill even more adamant conservatism in Russia
Everything became closely monitored, schools, newspapers, secret police grew.
No political criticism allowed

5. Political Repression
Because of the political repression, Russia avoided the wave of revolutions that spread through Europe in 1830 to 1848.

6. Economic and Social Aspects of Russia Mid 1800s
Russia remains expansionist- puts pressure on Ottoman Empire to gain lands
Russia does not initially industrialize at the same pace as the rest of Europe
Prussia and Austria introduce railways, Russia stays put
They do increase grain production, but not by new technology but instead by higher demands on their serfs

7. Crimean War
Fought on the black sea over territory belonging to the Ottomans
France and Britain send troops to help push Russians back
Russians armies lose because of lack of industrialization- their weapons are weaker, the ships of the British send massive amounts of new artillery and weapons and defeat the TOUGH military of Russia
OH NO moment for Russia

8. Alexander II
Tsar at the time of the war, Alexander II, realizes he needs western reform
Ultimately leads to emancipation of the serfs in 1861
WHY?
If they want to have any type of an industrial labor force then they will need to have a “working class.”

9. 1870s Russia gets the railroad!
Trans Siberian railroad, which connected European Russia with the Pacific- completed near the end of 1880s
Railroad boom directly stimulated expansion of coal and iron industry Railroad development also stimulated the export of grain to the west
Opened up Siberia to new development which brought Russia into a more active Asian role

10. Modernization
Printing factories, textile plants, metalworking shops, begin to spring up in Russia – specifically Moscow and St. Petersburg
The minister of finance during this time, Sergei Witte, enacted high tariffs to protect new Russian industry
Soon, Russia becomes fourth rank in world in steel production and second to U.S. in petroleum production