1. Light dependent and Light independent reactions
Photosynthesis
Light dependent and Light independent reactions

2. Energy
Photosynthesis takes kinetic energy (light) and converts it to potential energy (stored in chemical bonds)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is converted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

3. Overall
This is the reaction, but it happens in steps in the chloroplast. 1. Light-dependent reactions 2. Calvin Cycle (light independent reactions)

4. Energy pairing

5. Leaves to Chloroplasts

6. Leaves to Chloroplasts
Leaf adaptations
Cuticle– Waxy layer to prevent water loss
Stomata – pore for gas exchange
Mesophyll cells – layers of cells with many chloroplasts
Vascular bundles – veins for water and mineral flow (xylem and phloem)

7. Leaves to Chloroplasts
Double outer membrane
Stroma – semifluid space
Thylakoids – membranous sacs with photosystems made of pigments
Granum – stack of thylakoids

8. Capturing light
Pigments absorb some light waves while reflecting others
Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the thylakoids

9. Photosynthesis Steps Light-dependent Reaction Where? Thylakoids
Reactants? Water
Products? Oxygen
Energy source? Light
Energy carriers? Turns ADP to ATP and NADP+ to NADPH
Calvin Cycle (light-independent)
Where? Stroma
Reactants? CO2 and H2O
Products? Glucose
Energy source? ATP and NADPH
Energy Carriers? Turns ATP to ADP and NADPH to NADP+

10. Photosynthesis reaction analysis
Textbook reference:
Light dependent
Light independent
Video introduction:
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