1. CYCLING OF MATTER

2. Cycling of Matter
Ecological processes move matter from biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem and back again in continuous cycles

3. Nutrient Cycles
Nutrients – chemicals that are needed by living things and are continually cycled through ecosystems

4. Water Cycle

5. water from oceans, lakes, swamps, rivers, plants, and even you, can turn into water vapour (evaporation)
Water vapour condenses into millions of tiny droplets that form clouds. (condensation)
Clouds lose their water as rain or snow, which is called precipitation.

6. Precipitation is either absorbed into the ground or runs off into rivers.
Water that was absorbed into the ground is taken up by plants.
Plants lose water from their surfaces as vapor back into the atmosphere.
Water that runs off into rivers flows into ponds, lakes, or oceans where it evaporates back into the atmosphere.

7. CYCLING OF MATTER Remember that everything is made up of matter.
Two types of matter: organic and inorganic.
Organic matter includes any substance that contains both carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).
Inorganic matter includes all other substances (they might contain C or H – BUT NOT BOTH!)

8. H2O C6H12O6 CCl4 CO2 CH4 Organic Inorganic
Decide whether the following molecules are organic or inorganic based on their chemically formula and place a checkmark in the correct column.
MOLECULE
Organic
Inorganic
H2O
C6H12O6
CCl4
CO2
CH4

9. Decide whether the following molecules are organic or inorganic based on their chemically formula and place a checkmark in the correct column.
MOLECULE
ORGANIC
INORGANIC
H2O
C6H12O6
CCl4
CO2
CH4

10. The Carbon Cycle
There are a limited number of atoms on the planet. Each carbon atom in you has been used before.
When you die, your body will eventually be recycled by bacteria and your carbon atoms will be used again.

11. plant
mouse
dead mouse
Plant roots
Bacteria decompose the mouse into its molecules
Molecules are used by the plant to grow

12. Carbon is recycled through two main processes: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.

13. Photosynthesis: Reactants  Products 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6 H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy Glucose + Oxygen
6 CO H2O  C6 H12O O2

14. Cellular Respiration:
Reactants  Products
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
C6 H12O O  CO H2O

15. INORGANIC CARBON STORAGE
Carbon in inorganic matter (no H in these molecules) is stored in three places:
Atmosphere - as CO2 (which can be used by plants)
Oceans - as dissolved CO2 (which can by used by water plants)
Earth’s crust - as carbonate (which must be changed to CO2 before use)

16. ORGANIC CARBON STORAGE
Carbon in organic matter is only stored in organisms (whether they are or are not alive!)
The organic carbon in dead organisms must be returned to the atmosphere as CO2 by decomposers.

17. HUMAN ACTIVITY AND THE CARBON CYCLE
Humans have sped up the Carbon Cycle by burning fossil fuels and forests.
Due to this, the amount of CO2 in the environment is increasing.

18. Homework