1. Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

2. In a month, a fingernail grows an eighth of an inch.
HEALTH TIP OF THE DAY
In a month, a fingernail grows an eighth of an inch.

3. The cardiovascular system moves blood through the body.

4. Physical Benefits

5. How the Blood Circulates
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Your heart is the muscle that makes the cardiovascular system work.

6. Blood Vessels The Three Main Types of Blood Vessels Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

7. Blood Vessels
Arteries are vessels that branch into progressively smaller vessels called arterioles, which deliver blood to capillaries.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

8. Blood Vessels
Capillaries reach almost all body cells. Capillaries near the skin’s surface can dilate or constrict to adjust body temperature.
Capillaries
Small vessels that carry blood from arterioles and to small vessels called venules, which empty into veins

9. Blood Vessels
The large veins, the vena cava, carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
Veins
Blood vessels that return blood to the heart

10. Blood Components of Blood Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Plasma
Platelets

11. Blood
About 55 percent of total blood volume consists of plasma, which is mainly water, but it also contains nutrients, proteins, salts, and hormones.
Plasma
The fluid in which other parts of the blood are suspended

12. Blood
Red blood cells make up about 40 percent of normal blood. They contain hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin
The oxygen-carrying protein in blood

13. Blood White blood cells have one of three purposes:
Surrounding and ingesting the organisms that cause disease
White blood cells have one of three purposes:
Forming antibodies that provide immunity against a second attack from that specific disease
Fighting allergic reactions

14. Blood
When the wall of a blood vessel tears, platelets collect at the tear and form a clot that blocks the flow of blood.
Platelets
Types of cells in the blood that cause blood clots to form

15. The Heart
Inside the heart are four chambers separated by a wall of tissue called the septum.
The two top chambers are called the atria.
The two lower chambers are called ventricles.

16. The Heart

17. Circulatory System Problems
Heart Disease
High Blood Pressure

18. Cardiovascular System Problems
Congenital heart defects
Conditions of the heart that are present at birth.
Abnormal sounds that are made as blood flows through the heart.
Heart murmurs
Formed as result of the valves in veins not closing tightly enough to prevent backflow of blood.
Varicose veins
A condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced.
Anemia
An inherited disorder. The blood does not clot properly.
Hemophilia
A form of cancer in which any one of the different types of white blood cells is produced excessively and abnormally.
Leukemia

19. The respiratory system provides oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the body.

20. How Respiration Works
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, trachea, and diaphragm.
Your lungs automatically fill with air and are emptied in a rhythmic way.

21. Five Major Organs Trachea—windpipe
Diaphragm—muscle that separates chest from abdomen
Bronchi—airways that connect to the lungs
Right lung
Left lung

22. Problems of the Respiratory System
Asthma
Tuberculosis
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Pneumonia