1. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

2. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos
Nursing: The Embodiment of Compassion
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

3. This session will explore…
Defining compassion
Why compassion?
Why culturally competent compassion?
What helps and what hinders compassion
The Papadopoulos Model of Culturally Competent Compassion
Results from the Papadopoulos et al international study on compassion
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

4. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos
STUDENT ACTIVITY
Turn to your neighbour
Think about the last time you were in practice
Describe an incident during which a healthcare worker showed/gave compassion to a patient, family member or a co-worker
Explain why you thought this was a compassionate act
Now your neighbour repeats the process of B, C, D to you.
EACH PERSON TAKES MAXIMUM OF 5 MINUTES.
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

5.
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

6. Culturally Competent Compassion
What is
Culturally Competent Compassion
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

7. WHY COMPASSION?
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

9. WHY HAPPINESS?
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

10. Compassion and Virtuous life
Aristotle ( BC)
Buddha ( BC)
Hinduism (2000 BC)
Compassion is one of the five virtues.
A virtue is a habit that is practised and strengthen with use.
A virtuous life help us achieve the ‘chief good’ (main purpose of living) which is Eudaimonia (ultimate happiness)
Non-judgemental
Right insight/understanding
Compassion
Happiness => NIRVANA
Being compassionate is the most essential element of good Karma.
Good Karma leads to good life after death which leads to ‘good’ reincarnation.
Progressive ‘good’ reincarnations lead to ultimate spiritual happiness => NIRVANA
Aristotle taught us that a virtuous life will help us achieve the chief good that of happiness.
Karma is the law of moral causation. The theory ofKarma is a fundamental doctrine in Buddhism. This belief was prevalent in India before the advent of the Buddha. Nevertheless, it was the Buddha who explained and formulated this doctrine in the complete form in which we have it today.
In the Buddhist context nirvana refers to the imperturbable stillness of mind after the fires of desire, aversion, and delusion have been finally extinguished.[3] In Hindu philosophy, it is the union with Brahman, the divine ground of existence, and the experience of blissful egolessness.[5]
In Indian religions, the attainment of nirvana is moksha,[note 1] liberation fromsamsara, the repeating cycle of birth, life and death.[6][7][note 2]
In the Buddhist tradition, nirvana is described as the extinguishing of the fires that cause suffering.[26] These fires are typically identified as the fires of attachment (raga), aversion (dvesha) and ignorance (moha or avidya). When the fires are extinguished, suffering (dukkha) comes to an end. The cessation of suffering is described as complete peace.
Eightfold path to Buddism
1. Right view
2. Right intention
3. Right speech
4. Right action
5. Right livelihood
6. Right effort
7. Right mindfulness
8. Right concentration
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

11. Dank u wel

12. The Papadopoulos, Tilki & Taylor model of Transcultural Health and Cultural Competence (1998 and 2006)
CULTURAL AWARENESS
CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Self awareness
Cultural identity
Heritage adherence
Ethnocentricity
Stereotyping
Ethno-history
Assessment skills
Diagnostic skills
Clinical Skills
Challenging & addressing prejudice, discrimination and inequalities
COMPASSION
CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE
CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
Health beliefs & behaviours
Anthropological, Socio-political, Psychological & Biological understanding
Similarities and differences
Health inequalities
Empathy, Appropriateness
Interpersonal/communication skills
Trust, Respect, Acceptance
Barriers to cultural sensitivity

13. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

14. The 3 minute activity One half of the room...
Turn to the person on your right and identify 3 reasons that may stop nurses from providing compassionate care
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

15. Little or no team support
Personal values
Poor role models
Routine
Little or no team support
Not being appreciated
Little or no CPD
Not receiving compassion from managers
Competence ??
Unhappy Nurse
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

16. We can be compassionate and culturally sensitive ...
Team working
Personal values
Role models
Variety
Creativity
Problem solving
Immediacy
Interdependence
Being appreciated
Continuous professional development
Receiving & giving compassion from & to co-workers
Confidence
Competence
Flourishing Happy Team, Happy Nurses,
Effective, efficient, culturally and compassionately competent care
Job Satisfaction
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

17.
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

18. Cover slide subtitle or date
What is
compassion
&
Culturally Competent Compassion
Cover slide subtitle or date

19. The model's building blocks
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

20. Culturally aware compassion
- Am I aware of my own world view and what influenced and shaped it?
How do my cultural values impact on my understanding of compassion?
How do my cultural values and upbringing impact on the way I treat those who are suffering?
- Do I treat myself too harshly when I fail, or am I able to be compassionate to my self?
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

21. Culturally knowledgeable compasion
- Do I know how, those from different cultural backgrounds to mine, understand compassion?
- Do I know how similar their understanding is to mine?
- Do I know what are acceptable compassionate
behaviours for those whose cultural backgrounds differ from my own?
- Am I open minded and tolerant about the compassion values and behaviours of others?
- Can I challenge beliefs and traditions which I disagree with?
- Is my reasoning regarding knowing and challenging, motivated by the right desires?
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

22. Culturally sensitive compassion
- How can I improve my communication so that I can express appropriate compassion in both verbal and non verbal ways?
- Can I recognise the signs of emotional suffering in people whose cultural background is different to mine?
- How do I develop my practical wisdom to be able to know and do the right thing in a culturally and compassionately sensitive manner?
- How do I negotiate intercultural encounters to be able to deal with misunderstandings and conflict in a culturally and compassionately sensitive manner?
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

23. Culturally competent compassion
- Am I competently applying my cultural awareness, knowledge ad sensitivity in my practice?
- Am I courageous enough to speak up and challenge injustice and human rights violations when I see them?
- Do I possess the practical wisdom to challenge constructively at the right time and through the right channels?
- Am I aware of the crises facing mankind and do I think about my contribution to relevant solutions?
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

24. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

25. Extracts from the pilot with South Korean Nurses:
International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) main study-15 countries, N= 1323
Pilot study (n=78)
Extracts from the pilot with South Korean Nurses:
“Korean nurses are required to control compassionate mind”.
“In general, a cool-headed nurse is perceived as a professional nurse”.
“If nurses feel compassionate too much, then nurses might not be able to perform their duty, so they should be rational”
“I wonder if it is right to take care of patients with compassionate mind in clinical environments. Of course, as a nurse, we should maintain the patient’s dignity but I think it is not advisable that nurses become too compassionate”.
Papadopoulos I., and Kwak A. (2012) Unpublished survey

26. Now look at the questionnaire you completed at the beginning of the day
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

27. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos
International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

28. CONSCIOUS AND INTENTIONAL COMPASSION
COMPONENT
ACTION
TIME
To listen
To talk
To hold someone’s hand
To support someone
To develop a therapeutic relationship
BEING THERE
To be with patient in mind, body and spirit
To register the importance of the moment
To love
GOING THE EXTRA MILE
To go beyond one’s role
To care outside one’s duties
To share common humanity
To volunteer
To talk to family unable to be with their loved one
DEFENDING & ADVOCATING
To challenge any injustice
To promote equality
To challenge stereotypes
To challenge discrimination
To promote cultural competence
To acknowledge the uniqueness in the individual expressions of suffering
PERSONALISATION
To consider individual’s characteristics
Gender
Age
Culture
Socio-economics
To consider individual’s health problems
Illness
Vulnerability
Mental orientation
Disabilities
CONSCIOUS AND INTENTIONAL COMPASSION
The data revealed a number of components and actions, many confirming a global appreciation of elements of compassion that are already recognized.
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

29. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos
International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

30. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos
International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses .
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

31. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos
International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

32. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos
International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

33. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos
International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

34. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos
CONCLUSION
My message to you as nurses, as HUMAN BEINGS, is that we need to join hands and voices to bring back not only compassion but culturally competent compassion in nursing by asserting the following:
-fighting for the provision of culturally competent and compassionate care for all,
-which means that we proudly promote the fact that culture matters to our health,
which also means our right for opportunities to learn how to give culturally competent and compassionate care to all patients,
-which signifies our concerns about the unacceptable national and global health inequalities, and
-which also represents our belief for justice without discrimination and for the right to access culturally competent and compassionate healthcare to meet our fundamental health needs.
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

35. My MOOC journey by Lucero Lopez My MOOC journey Mari Stormer
My MOOC journey by Lucero Lopez
My MOOC journey Mari Stormer
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

36. Thank you r.papadopoulos@mdx.ac.uk
IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos