1. Rock Cycle

2. Earth’s inside
Crust.
Thin outer layer km thick. Made of Solid rocks and minerals floating on liquid mantle.
Mantle.
A sea of molten rocks and minerals called Magma 2,900 km thick.
Outer core.
Ring of liquid iron 2,500km thick.
Inner core.
Solid iron 1,300km thick. The spinning iron cores turn the earth into a giant magnet.

3. Tectonic plates The crust isn’t solid It’s made of several
Pieces called plates.
There are 7 big plates &
Several small ones.

4. Lithosphere
The mantle has convection currents in it. It moves like water.
The plates floats on this moving mantle.
Spreading
Where the mantle bubbles up a ridge is formed .
It pushes the crust apart as it solidifies and new crust is made. This is called spreading.
Subduction
Where two plates bump into each other, one gets sucked back down into the mantle and remelts.
These regions have lots of earth quakes and volcanos and mountains

5. Ring of fire The red line shows where Two plates are colliding
This area has lots of earthquakes and active volcanoes

6. Types of Rocks Igneous (made from fire)
These rocks are made when magma cools
Extrusive igneous cools in the air or water quickly.
It has small crystals
No layers
It can have air bubbles or be glassy
Eg. Basalt, obsidian, pumice, scoria
Intrusive igneous cools underground slowly.
It has large crystals.
Eg. Granite
Montreal is an intrusive volcano.

7. Types of rocks Sedimentary (Rocks made by sedimentation)
These rocks are made when other rocks are broken by water, ice,roots, and acid. This is called Weathering.
The sand and gravel are carried away by wind, rivers, and glaciers. This is called Erosion.
It is then dropped in the bottom of lakes and oceans. Sedimentation.

8. Sedimentary rock as layers
Fossils
You can see grains of sand or gravel
No Crystals
Eg. Sandstone, limestone

9. Types of Rocks Metamorphic (changed )
Rocks that are heated and squeezed. This makes them melt and recrystalize
These rocks have narrow bands. Dark and light
Thin Layers
Small crystals
Eg. Schist, slate

10. transformations Rock that changes Metamorphic rock Granite (igneous)
Shale (sedimentary)
Limestone (sedimentary)
Sandstone (sedimentary)
Gneiss
Slate
Marble
Quartzite