1. Cladograms and Hominid Skulls
Unit Two, Day 12
Cladograms and Hominid Skulls

2. Opener 5 minutes With a partner, look at the cladogram passed out.
Anapsid
Synapsid
Diapsid
With a partner, look at the cladogram passed out.
Identify FOUR THINGS you can say about the EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY or RELATEDNESS of the taxa shown in the cladogram.
Anapsid- turtle no hole besides eyes and nose
Synapsid- mammals jaw muscles: thrapsid is a mammal like reptile
Diapsid- lizards- dinos
Archosauria- crocs and dinos
no holes turtles and mammals but ancesters did

3. Agenda Conferences Quick review: Reading Cladograms
Mammals and Reptiles
Conferences
Making Cladograms
Video
Example
Hominid Skulls
Lab Report Due Next Class: will not accept late work on this!

4. Student Led Conferences
Monday and Tuesday 8 AM to 8 PM My breaks will be from 12:15-1:00 and 5:30-6:15

5. Student Led Conferences
Complete the reflection sheet
Be honest, specific and detailed
Use your grade printout to identify your grades, what LT’s you have mastered, and what assignments you have completed
On your grade print out- HIGHLIGHT the Assessments you have a 2.5 or higher on
Staple to the back of your reflection sheet

6. New Learning Targets
I can analyze the data provided by a phylogenetic tree or cladogram to determine the evolutionary history of the organisms described in the diagram
In short: I can read cladograms
I can use a data set to create a cladogram that represents a reasonable hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a group of related organisms
In short: I can make a cladogram

7. How to Make a Cladogram Identify taxa Identify synapomorphies
Should select traits you think are homologies
OR, select a genetic trait, and group by similarity
Identify which taxa have which synapomorphy
Group taxa by synapomorphy
Helpful to use a chart or Venn diagram
Begin to build your cladogram.
This is when cross-referencing more than one source of info is important
The fossil record can you order of species/group of organisms in the cladogram

8. Cladogram Video

9. Two-post orbital fenestrae
Example
Taxa
Synapomorphies
Sharks
Bony Fishes
Rodents
Primates
Amphibians
Crocodiles
Dinosaurs/Birds
Vertebrae
Bony skeleton
Four legs
Amniotic Egg
Hair
Two-post orbital fenestrae

10. 2 post orbital fenestrae
Vertebrae
Bony Skeleton
4 Legs
Amniotic Egg
Hair
2 post orbital fenestrae
Sharks
Bony Fishes
Rodents
Primates
Amphibians
Crocodiles
Dinos/Birds

11. Amphibians
Rodents
Crocs
Dinos
Bony Fishes
Primates
Sharks
Hair
2POF
Egg
4 legs
Bony Skeleton
Vertebrae

13. Hominid Skulls

14. 20 minutes Skull Observations
Each table will receive 2 skulls. Be CAREFUL. These are replicas, but still fragile and valuable
Observe; record observations on white board. Look for:
Traits discussed in the reading
Things that can used to compare skulls (especially things that could be measured)
GOAL: We want five or six traits (at least) that we can use to construct our cladogram. . .

15. Share out Traits we could potentially measure
Brain Capacity Length of the jaw Muzzle Size U or V shaped Jaw Canines and Molars Sagittal Crest (skull hawk) Location of the Foraman magnum Flat face or Angled face Supra Orbital Ridge Zygomatic arch: prominent or not