1. Classification and Ecosystems Part 2
FCAT Review
Classification and Ecosystems
Part 2

2. Ecosystems
Species must adapt to their environment and other organisms in their area or ecosystem
Ecosystem- a community made of organisms that live in a particular area and their non-living environment
In an ecosystem organisms must adapt to:
Biotic factors-living things (interactions with other living things)
Abiotic factors-non-living things(soil, water, temp, oxygen)

3. Life Needs: Energy (solar or chemical) Water Tolerable Temperatures
Light
Agreeable Atmosphere
The amount of these available, limit the size of the populations in the area

4. Limiting Factors
Limiting factor- something in an environment that keeps a population from growing or makes the population smaller
Types of limiting factors:
Space available (carrying capacity)
Food (sunlight for plants)
Water (one of the biggest factors)
Disease (wipe out populations)

5. Relationships between organism in an ecosystem
3 types of symbiotic relationships (where at least one organism benefits) :
Mutualism- both benefit
Commensalism- one benefits and the other is not bothered, but does not benefit
Parasitism- one benefits while harming the other (parasite-benefitted and host-harmed)

6. What picture represent which type of symbiotic relationship?
Parasitism- mosquito gets blood from host, while harming the host
Commensalism- fish benefits from the protection of the anemone, while not harming the anemone
Mutualism- crocodile benefits from having the rotting flesh removed from its teeth, bird benefits by getting food

7. Other Relationships There are other relationships between organisms:
Predation- one species feeds on another species (predator and prey)
Competition- the struggle for organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources (compete for food, territory, mates, water, etc.)

8. Producers, Consumers, Decomposers
Producer- organism that makes its own food
Consumer- organism that must feed on other organisms to obtain energy (carnivore, herbivore, omnivore, scavenger)
Decomposer- break down waste or dead organisms and return raw material back into the ecosystem
Make sure you understand how they all work together!!!!

9. Energy moves through an ecosystem
What would happen if the alligator were over hunted?
2. What would happen if the blue heron were removed?
3. What could happen if the turtle population increase by a bunch?
You MUST know how to read a food web!!!

10. Cycles in nature Everything in nature is used and recycled
There is a cycle for everything!!!!

11. Photosynthesis plants use solar energy to make glucose from
water and carbon dioxide
and release oxygen as waste
Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

12. Cellular Respiration
organisms use oxygen to break down glucose and release water and carbon dioxide as waste
C6H12O6 + 6O2  Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

13. Cycles in Nature
Photosynthesis
Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Notice how the reactants for photosynthesis are the products for respiration and vice versa !!!

14. Cycles of Nature
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Water

15. SC.8.L.18.4 Cite evidence that living systems follow the Laws of Conservation of Mass and Energy.
Conservation laws and earth systems
Recall that Earth is a system made up of the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
According to the conservation laws, the total amount of energy in the Earth system stays constant.
As plants and animals grow, they do not use up matter. Rather, they use energy to transform the raw materials in their environments into living cells.
When the organisms die, their matter is returned to the soil, the atmosphere, or other parts of the Earth system.
Then the cycle starts again with other organisms.

16. Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources
Wind
Solar
Water
Trees
Biomass
Non-renewable
Coal
Oil
Gas

17. Sample Question 14
What is the source of energy used in photosynthesis?
A. Glucose
B. Sunlight
C. Chlorophyll
D. DNA