1. More Complex than a Computer!
The Brain
More Complex than a Computer!

2. The Central Nervous System
The (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
The CNS integrates information it receives from, and coordinates and influences the activity of, all parts of the body

3. Peripheral Nervous System
The PNS consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord.
The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body.

4. Cerebrum
The cerebrum (suh REE brum) is the largest and most complex part of the brain.
It is divided into two halves called hemispheres.
The left hemisphere controls movement of the right side of your body, and the right hemisphere controls movement of the left side of your body.

5. Corpus Callosum
The hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected by a thick band of more than 100 million nerve fibers called the corpus callosum.
The corpus callosum supports communication between the hemispheres.
Beneath the corpus callosum lie the basal nuclei, small clusters of neuron cell bodies that are very important in coordinating movement.

6. Cerebellum
The cerebellum (sehr uh BEHL um) is the coordination center for body movements.
The cerebellum receives signals from the cerebrum indicating a need to move.
Balance and complex coordination are accomplished through the cerebellum

7. Cerebellum
The cerebellum also receives information from sensory receptors regarding the positions of different body parts.
The cerebellum evaluates this information and, within a few milliseconds, sends a plan for coordinated movements back to the cerebrum.

8. Cerebral Cortex
The outer region of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex.
The cerebral cortex contains 10 billion neurons and makes up about 40 percent of the brain's total mass.
The cortex is divided into several lobes. Each lobe has areas with different functions.
Other regions of the cortex create sensory perceptions—what you are aware of when you see, hear, smell, taste, or sense touch.

9. Frontal Lobe Responsible for higher order thinking
Planning Ahead
Considering actions and consquences
Last part of the human species’ brain to develop
Last part of individual human brains to develop
Coordinates memory, thinking, reward system- sorts for any given situation

10. Thalamus
Sorts information going to and coming from the cerebral cortex.
The thalamus exerts some control over what information goes from sensory receptors to the cerebrum by blocking some signals and enhancing others.
An example of the thalamus in action is a parent who easily sleeps through noisy street traffic, but immediately awakens upon hearing his or her baby crying.

11. Amygdala
Structure involved in many of our emotions and motivations, particularly those that are related to survival.
Involved in the processing of emotions such as fear, anger and pleasure.
Also responsible for determining what memories are stored and where the memories are stored in the brain. It is thought that this determination is based on how huge an emotional response an event invokes.

12. Hypothalamus
Helps to regulate body temperature, blood pressure, hunger, thirst, and emotions.
Part of the hypothalamus functions as a "biological clock," your body's natural timing mechanism.
With input from your eyes, the clock maintains daily cycles such as sleepiness and hunger.

13. Brain Stem
The brainstem filters all the information from the sensory and motor neurons going to and from the brain.
The brainstem also regulates sleep, controls breathing, and helps coordinate body movements.

14. Brain Stem The brain stem controls base “survival” responses –
Fight or Flight responses – release of adrenalin and other physiological changes necessary for running from, or confronting danger
Sometimes referred to as the “reptilian brain” because of it base nature – When evaluating situations focuses on the question:
Can I eat it
Can I kill it
Can I have sex with it

15. Involuntary vs. Voluntary
Involutary – Happens instinctively
You can’t control
Reflexes, breathing, heart- - pulse, excretion,
Voluntary – movements that you control
Running, throwing a ball, a punch, Talking
Emotions, laughing, crying – sometimes controllable, sometimes