1. The Spanish and Native Americans

2. Spanish Control
By 1700, controls much of the Americas; set up colonial government
Viceroyalty: New Spain and Peru
Ruled by Viceroy in king’s name

3. Encomienda
Grant of Native American labor given by Spanish government; helped make colonies productive

4. Hacienda
Large estate created by Spanish government to create food for the colony

5. Who has the power? Social Order
Spanish born colonists
Creoles: people of Spanish decent born in colonies
Mestizos: mixed Spanish and Native American
Native Americans and enslaved Africans

6. Religion Strongly Catholic
Missions created to convert Native Americans
Missions also helped the Native Americans to grow food, read and write, and offered protection
Missionaries treated Native Americans like slaves

7. Sugar Plantations
Large demand in Europe; Americas provided good land to grow
Plantations thrived; workers died

8. Native American Mistreatment
Bartolome de Las Casas; Catholic priest… can a person serve God and enslave Native Americans at the same time?
“Protector of the Indians”
1542 Spanish king issues laws ordering gradual released of enslaved Native Americans

9. Colombian Exchange
Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, etc from Eastern Hemisphere to Western Hemisphere
Native Americans have no immunity to European disease; killed more than 20 million
Positives: exchange of crops