1. Living in the World of Jim Crow
Ch. 9 Section 3
Living in the World
of Jim Crow

2. Reconstruction-time period after the Civil War until 1877
African Americans had gained:
Outlaw of slavery 13th Amendment
Citizenship and due process 14th Amendment
The right to vote 15th Amendment

3. After Reconstruction (1877)
Southern blacks begin to lose the right to vote.

4. Southern States
Try to stop African Americans from voting by passing requirements to vote. Some ways were:
Poll tax: pay a tax in order to vote
Own property: must own property to vote
Literacy test: read and write to vote

5. Grandfather Clause
Reinstates voters who have been eliminated from voting.
Says that if you, your father or grandfather could vote before 1865 then you are able to vote.

6. Segregation Legal in the South
Happens by custom, de facto, in the North.

7. Jim Crow in the South
Jim Crow becomes the nickname of the segregation laws in the South. Examples…
Parks -hospitals
Schools -water fountains
Transportation -public toilets

8. Plessy vs. Ferguson
1896 court ruling that established the “separate but equal” doctrine.
Homer Plessy was 1/8th African American who challenged a Louisiana law for separate train cars.

9. Plessy vs. Ferguson The ruling said:
- 14th Amendment does NOT prevent private organizations from discriminating against individuals. It was intended to give African Americans political and civil equality not social equality.

10. Racial Etiquette
Not a law, but expectations of how African Americans are supposed to treat whites.
Examples…
Take off hat
-step aside on sidewalk
Whites call African Americans boy or 1st name
No shaking hands
Don’t look in the eye
Served last

11. Violations
If an African American violated racial etiquette, committed a criminal act or became too prosperous they were subject to violence and lynchings—killing by a mob.
,200 killed by lynching
White mobs were rarely caught or convicted.

12. Northern attitudes De facto segregation- “in fact” not by law
Examples…
Housing
Schools
Employment
*Whites fear equality and competition for jobs.

13. Resisting Discrimination
W.E.B. DuBois helps start the Niagra Movement which never accepts inferior status.
Niagra Movement joins with whites to create the NAACP after race riots.

14. NAACP
Purpose to abolish segregation and discrimination, oppose racism, and gain civil rights for African Americans.
The NAACP works through the court system to gain equality.

15. Other Organizations
National Urban League -improve housing and job opportunities
National Negro Business League -help begin businesses
American Negro Academy -promotes scholarly publications
YMCA- separate recreational groups
YWCA -separate recreational groups