1. The Telescope From geocentric to heliocentric and beyond
By brain cannon, 1st Period PLTW
Earth-centered universe
Sun-centered universe

2. Forward Thinking
“By taking our sense of sight far beyond the realm of our forebears' imagination, these wonderful instruments, the telescopes, open the way to a deeper and more perfect understanding of nature.”
       —René Descartes, 1637

3. the original invention
Lenses were introduced to Europe around the 13th century
By 1300, the first eyeglasses were available in cities such as Venice and Florence (Mason, 2010)
Advances in lens making and polishing soon followed
The tools for making a telescope were available but, for reasons that are not clear, the invention of the telescope had to wait
The telescope first appeared in the Netherlands in 1608
The earliest known illustration of a telescope: Giovanbattista della Porta included this sketch in a letter written in August 1609

4. Basic design

5. Telescope Timeline
William Herschel builds a telescope with a giant reflector mirror that was 49 inches wide
Hans Lippershey applies for a patent for a refractor telescope
Edwin Hubble used the 100" Hooker telescope to determine that the size of the universe was much larger than previously known
Sir Isaac Newton builds the first workable reflector telescope
1609
1721
1908
1608
1668
1789
1924
Galileo Galilei makes a refractor telescope and turns it to the skies
John Hadley produces the first workable Gregorian telescope
The 60 Inch Mount Wilson reflector is completed

6. Significant changes Refracting telescopes Long focal length refractors
Aerial telescopes
Reflecting telescopes
Achromatic refracting telescopes
Large reflecting telescopes
Radio telescopes
Infrared telescopes
telescope constructed of two convex lenses
telescopes with focal lengths as long as 150 ft.
objective was mounted on a swiveling ball-joint on top of a tall structure
Newton's first compact reflecting telescope had a mirror diameter of 1.3 inches
lens that would focus all colors to a single point
process of depositing a layer of silver on glass telescope mirrors
detect and collect data on radio waves from deep space
uses infrared light to detect celestial bodies
(O'Rourke, 2009)

7. Impact on Civilization
Humans use to believe that the earth was the center of the universe
Using the telescope, Galileo proved that the earth was revolving around the sun

8. Impact on Civilization
Throughout its 400-year history, the telescope has changed our view of the universe and our view of ourselves
Telescopes showed that the universe was far larger than had been imagined — and our place in it far smaller than had been imagined
Telescopes allowed humans to view differences between planets and form the basis of our understanding of the solar system
The invention of the telescope marked the beginning of the scientific revolution of the 18th century
These instruments helped us make the first valid measurement of the speed of light
Telescopes have also helped us understand gravity and other fundamental laws of the physical world (NASA, n.d.)

9. References
Mason, B. (2010, October 2). How the Telescope Changed Our Minds | WIRED. Retrieved from NASA. (n.d.). NASA - Have Telescopes Changed Our View of the Universe? Retrieved from html O'Rourke, B. (2009, August 25). Four Hundred Years Ago, Galileo's Telescope Changed The World. Retrieved from alileos_Telescope_Changed_The_World/ html