1. Intro to the Civil Rights Movement
De jure – by law
De facto – in fact; in reality; actual
Segregation – the legal separation of a population, usually by race or ethnicity
Discrimination – the act of treating a member of a group differently solely because that person belongs to the group
Prejudice – to believe something about a member of a group solely because that person belongs to the group

2. Intro to the Civil Rights Movement
Racism – prejudice or discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or religion
Jim Crow – slang for segregation

3. Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 Established the separate but equal doctrine
Opened the door to the legal separation of blacks and whites anywhere in the US

4. In 1905, the issue of how to most effectively deal with Jim Crow laws was debated between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois.
W.E.B. Du Bois

5. By 1910, every state of the former Confederacy had adopted laws that segregated all aspects of life wherein blacks and whites might socially mingle or come into contact.

6. Impact of Plessy in 1920’s

7. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
Argued: Dec. 8, 1952
Reargued: Dec. 7, 1953
Decided: May 17, 1954
Key Players
Thurgood Marshall
Rev. Oliver Brown
Linda Brown
Chief Justice Earl Warren

8. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
Several Cases Were Combined into One
Delaware – Belton v Gebhart
Kansas – Brown v Board of Education
South Carolina – Briggs v Elliot
Virginia – Davis v County School Board of Prince
Edward County
Washington, DC – Bolling v Melvin Sharpe

9. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
“Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

10. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas The Issue
Schools approached equality in terms of buildings, curricula, qualifications, and teacher salaries.
Nevertheless, despite “equality” of objective factors, intangible issues foster and maintain inequality.

11. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
This case was not simply about children and education.
This ruling law had far reaching social and ideological implications that continue to be felt throughout the nation and the world.
The struggle for Human Rights throughout the world can trace its roots back to this case.
Reinforced the supremacy of the power of the people in protecting natural rights from arbitrary limitations imposed by governments.

12. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
The case did not abolish segregation in other public areas, such as restaurants and restrooms, nor did it place a time frame for implementation of the law.
Other pioneers would take up the torch of freedom and carry on the challenge.

13. 1960’s