1. Cell Division & Mitosis

2. Cell Division in Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are
Like bacteria are less complex
Have a single, circular DNA and ribosomes
Divide by Binary Fission

3. Cell Division in Prokaryotes
Asexual reproduction: One parent = 2 offspring
Division of prokaryotic cell into two identical offspring cells
Cell grows to twice its size
Cell membrane pinches
off
2 new identical cells form from
one parent

4. Cell Division in Eukaryotes
Mitosis
Division of the nucleus
Occurs in all cells EXCEPT sex cells
Cytokinesis
Division of the entire cell

5. Chromosomes
A structure found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that contains DNA
Eukaryotic cells contain more DNA
For example fruit flies have 8 chromosomes and humans have 46 chromosomes

6. Chromosomes Homologous pairs
Two sets of chromosomes that carry genes for the same trait
So humans have 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes

7. Cell Cycle Interphase Time between cell divisions 3 phases
Cells spend the majority of their life in this stage
3 phases
G1 phase: grows and develops
S phase: DNA replicates
G2 phase: prepares for mitosis

8. Mitosis: Nuclear Division
1. Prophase
Duplicated chromosomes condense to form chromatids
Metaphase
Chromatids line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase
Chromatids separate at the centromere and slowly move to the opposite poles
When chromatids separate they are now called chromosomes
Telophase
Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

9. Mitosis

10. Cell Division in Eukaryotes
Cytokinesis
Process of dividing cytoplasm
Cleavage of new cell membrane or a cell plate forms to create a cell wall
Algae
Plants
Fungi
Process of dividing the cell into 2 different cells
In humans, each cell will contain 23 pair of chromosomes
A total of 46 chromosomes per cell