1. The Enlightenment Spreads
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The Enlightenment Spreads

2. The Enlightenment Spreads
Spread across Europe through books, magazines and word of mouth
Influenced everything from artistic world to royal courts across continent
1700’s Paris was cultural and intellectual capital of Europe, center of Enlightenment ideas

3. The Enlightenment Spreads
Diderot's Encyclopedia
Diderot was a leading philosophe
1751 he began to publish a set of books that contained essays and articles by leading Enlightenment thinkers
Called it the Encyclopedia
Angered the French government and the Catholic Church, said it undermined authority and encouraged a spirit of revolt
Book helped spread the ideas of the Enlightenment to people all over Europe

4. The Enlightenment Spreads
European art in 1600’s and early 1700’s was dominated by a style known a baroque (had grand, ornate, design)
Enlightenment influenced change
Simple, elegant style influence by classical Greece and Rome called neo- classical developed by late 1700’s
Simple structure and decoration reflected order and reason
Music styles changed lighter, elegant style of music developed known as classical music
Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven were classical composers

5. The Enlightenment Spreads
Many philosophes thought the best form of government was a monarchy
They wanted rulers to respect individuals rights
Some monarchs made reforms that reflected the Enlightenment (known as enlightened despots)
They did not want to give up power, but made changes for two reasons:
To make their country stronger
An to make their own rule more effective
Best examples of enlightened despots were Fredrick the Great of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria and Catherine the Great of Russia

6. The Enlightenment Spreads
Fredrick the Great of Prussia
Invited intellectuals to Prussia
Allowed free press, relig. toleration, reduced use of torture
Joseph II of Austria
Most radical reformer
Traveled among peasants to learn problems
Supported religious equality, freedom of the press
Diminished power of Catholic Church
Promoted education
Abolished serfdom,
Serfs had to be paid for labor
All reforms were cancelled after his death

7. The Enlightenment Spreads
Catherine the Great of Russia
Based her reforms on the ideas of Montesquieu and Beccaria
Believed in enlightenment ideas of equality, liberty (not for all, only middle and upper classes)
Made limited reforms, but did little to improve lives of peasants
Gave nobles absolute power over the serfs
She did expand Russian power and size through wars with the Ottomans and Poles
Helped make Russia an international power