1. J.J Thomson

2. J.J experimental design 1
J.J developed and experiment in which the *cathode rays were deflected by both magnetic and electrical fields. J.J was able to measure and calculate the ratio of the electrical charge to the mass (e/m) for the particles that made up the rays. J.J found that the e/m value was the same as any other gas used in the experiment. J.J also found that whatever particle it was that made up the cathode rays occurred in all gases.
* a glowing beam is observed to follow the electrical discharge from one end of the tube to another.

3. J.J experimental design 2
J.J extended his research alittle more and found another phenomena caused by electrical discharge. he found an occurrence similar to that observed in the original glass tube experiments in which the same e/m particles could be detected.with a constant e/m ratio in all of these experiments.

4. Changes in study
With the development of better equipment, it gave J.J. more precise and accurate idea of the atom. It changed the idea as an atom of being indivisible, uniform particle. He was an avid user of a Crookes Tube which aided him in the better understanding of the cathode rays.

5. Changes of Study Continued
J.J. also figured out that the Cathode Rays could be deflected electrically, he had to use a modified Crookes Tube with a better vacuum. In conclusion to his work he learned that previous experimenters failed to learn about this because the tubes the previous scientists had contained too much gas.

6. Thomson New Changes in the Atomic Model
Thomson proposed a new model of the atom. The new model illustrated that the atom consist of a cloud of positive charge, which are embedded in discrete electrons.