1. PHED 1 Skill Acquisition Factors Affective Response Time
AS PE
PHED 1
Skill Acquisition
Factors Affective Response Time

2. Factors affecting response time
What Factor’s influence reaction time??
What is the psychological refractory period?
How can we improve our response time?

3. Influences on reaction time
Experience
Experienced player will be able to anticipate
Be in position to hit an attacking shot in badminton
Get to a loose ball first in football
Types of anticipation
Effector anticipation
A feel for the way the pitch plays (practicing on clay courts before French open)
Perceptual anticipation
Gaining a prior knowledge of an opponent (watching a video of an opposing sides short corners)
Receptor anticipation
Picking up information during the game through changes in stance/grip (grip of cricket bowlers)
Normal delivery In-swinger

4. Influences on reaction time
Stimulus intensity
Performers tend to react faster to something which is loud or bright.
Use of orange ball when snow covers football pitch
Gender
Men have faster reactions than women but lose them at a quicker rate
Age reduces reaction times of both genders
Fitness
Reaction times will be quicker if a player has trained to improve their physical fitness
Reduces response time
Performance enhancing drugs
Can improve reaction time
Famous start by Ben Johnson at 1988 Seoul Olympics

5. Single channel hypothesis
Stimuli are processed along a single nerve
Brain can only process one stimulus at a time
Stimuli must wait for the one before it can be dealt with
Think about cars waiting at a road junction
Causes a bottleneck at nerve
Stimulus Stimulus 2

6. Psychological refractory period
Psychological refractory period (PRP) is based on single-channel hypothesis
It suggests that, if a second stimulus is presented before first stimulus is processed then an unavoidable delay will occur.
The delay occurs because the second stimulus must wait for the first to be processed even if it is no longer valid
Ball clipping the net in tennis and changing direction
Ball deflected off a defender and past goalkeeper
A dummy pass in rugby
Trick plays in American football
PRP is used to create time for yourself to perform the skill you desire or to create space
Present two stimuli in quick succession so there is no time to deal with first stimuli before second is presented
Stimulus Stimulus Response Response 2
Trick Free tricks
Czech Republic Short Corner
Cruyff Turn
Trick Pass
Fake Punt
Flip Flap
Dummy Runners
PRP

7. Improving response time
Concentrate on stimuli
Refined selective attention
Practice reacting to the stimulus
Improve physical fitness
improves movement time
Anticipation
Effector, Perceptual and Receptor
Mental rehearsal
Stimulates brain and muscles
Be at optimum arousal level (covered at A2)
Reaction Time
Movement Time
Response Time