1. Learning Objectives
Identify the seven characteristics of living things.
Describe basic structure of a cell, including:
Cell wall
Cell membrane
nucleus
Describe basic function of a cell, including:
Nucleus
Learn important vocabulary related to cell structure and function
Differentiate between an animal and plant cell
Using acquired knowledge, be able to build a 3-d model of a cell.

2. The Study of Living Organisms…
What makes something living?
Look at the two pictures below:
With your shoulder partner, you have 2 minutes to decide…
What features make Stephen Curry alive (and awesome)?
What features make a taco non- living?

3. How do we know if something is living?
All living things are characterized as being able to do seven things
These are usually remembered by the mnemonic mrs nerg M R S N E g
Can you guess what the letters stand for?

4. The Seven Characteristics of Living Things
Animals
Plants
Movement
Move to find food and keep away from predators
Move to face the light.
Reproduction
Ability to reproduce offspring to keep species in existence.
Sensitivity
Responding and reacting to the environment.
Nutrition
Need food for respiration
Need minerals from the soil
Excretion
Getting rid of waste
Respiration
Turning food (glucose) into energy
Growth
Growing larger and stronger (adult size)

5. Shoulder Partner Review What are the Seven Characteristics of Living things?

6. All living things are made of cells…
A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of life.
They are the smallest unit of life
Cells are so small that we generally need a microscope to see them
All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
Organisms can be Unicellular like bacteria or multi- cellular, like us!
Unicellular organisms can usually only be seen under a microscope.
Most organisms you can see are multicellular

7. Shoulder Partner Review
What is a Cell?
What are the types of cells?

8. Discovery of Cells
Robert Hooke used a microscope to discover cells (1660s)
He gave the cell its name.

9. Where do cells come from?
Cells come from other cells
Cells divide:
one living cell divides into two living cells.
Two living cells divide into 4 living cells.
Four living cells divide into 8 living cells.

10. Cell Size
Describing a cell requires a very small unit of measurement: micrometer
A micrometer is one millionth of a meter
Most cells rang in size from about 1 micrometer to micrometers
It would take about 17,000 tiny cells lined up next to each other to go across a dime.

11. Shoulder partner Review
Where do cells come from?
What unit of measurement is used to measure cells?

12. Cells are Diverse
The inside of one cell can be very different from the inside of another cell.
There are two categories of cells:
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
All organisms except archaebacterial and eubacteria are made up of eukaryotic cells.
You-care-ee-otic
Pro-care-ee-otic
Archaebacterial: (arcee-bacteria) microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but radically different in molecular organization. They are now believed to constitute an ancient intermediate group between the bacteria and eukaryotes.
Eubacteria: (Yoo-bacteria): a bacterium of a large group typically having simple cells with rigid cell walls and often flagella for movement. The group comprises the “true” bacteria and cyanobacteria, as distinct from archaebacteria. 2.
a bacterium found mainly in the intestines of vertebrates and in the soil.

13. Eukaryotic Cell Cells with membrane-bound structures
Cell have a Nucleus
Almost all multicellular organisms are eukaryotic

14. Prokaryotic Cell Cells without membrane-bound structures No nucleus
Most unicellular organisms are prokaryotic

15. Shoulder partner Review
What are the two categories of Cells?
What are the two main differences?

16. Animal Cell Cytoskeleton Cell Wall
Need to add chromosomes to the Nucleus
Cell Wall

17. Animal cell Cell: The entire structure, living thing
Cell Wall: the very outer edge of the cell
Cell Membrane: encloses the cell. Acts like a gate keeper.
Cytoplasm: gel-like fluid takes up most of the space inside a cell. Mostly water.
Cytoskeleton: network of fibers Shapes cell and holds organelles in place.
Organelles: these are scattered throughout the cytoplasm. They carry out the activities that keep the cell alive.
Nucleus: a structure located near the center.
Chromosomes: genetic structures that contain information used to direct cell activity and make new cells. Located in nucleus.
DNA: makes up chromosomes.
Nuclear Membrane: surrounds and protects the nucleus.
Cytoskeleton
Need to add chromosomes to the Nucleus
The cytoskeleton is a complex network of fibers that function in cell support and movement. It shapes the cell and holds organelles in place.
Gate Keeper, allows some things in but not others.
an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
Cell Wall

18. Animal cell Nucleolus: inside the nucleus, makes ribosomes.
Vacuoles: fluid-filled structures; temporarily store substances needed by the cell.
Mitochondria: uses oxygen to transform the energy in food to so the cell can use to carry out its activities. The “Powerhouse” of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: this organelle produces things like proteins and lipids for the cell; an internal delivery system for the cell.
Ribosomes: this organelle produces things like proteins and lipids for the cell
Golgi Bodies: help package products from the endoplasmic reticulum and distribute them around the cell or outside of it.
Lysosome: an organelle in the cytoplasm containing enzymes
Cytoskeleton
Need to add chromosomes to the Nucleus
Cell Wall

19. Plant Cell
Plant cells are generally shaped like a square or rectangle. Animal cells are usually shaped like a circle.
Plant Cells Have all the structures of an animal cell, plus structures not found in animal cells:
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts

21. Plant Cell Structures
Nucleus: located to one side of a plant cell
Vacuole: only one
Golgi Bodies: Cellulose is made here, which is used in the cell wall.
Chloroplasts: food-making structures of plant cells that contain the green pigment, chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll captures the energy of sunlight and uses it to drive a chemical reaction that is called Photosynthesis.
Cell Wall: outer barrier that provides extra support for the cell. Made mostly of cellulose.

22. Parts of a microscope