1. Chapter 12
Blood

2. Objectives List the important components of blood
Describe the function of each component
Recognize the significance of the various
blood types
Describe some disorders of the blood
Define the key words that relate to this chapter

3. Blood Average adult body has 8-10 pints of blood Function of the blood
Transport
Regulatory
Protection

4. Blood Composition Plasma Erythrocytes or red blood cells
Leukocytes or white blood cells
Thrombocytes or platelets

5. Blood Plasma Straw colored Comprises about 55% of the blood volume
Water
92% of the total volume
of plasma
Plasma proteins
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulin
Nutrients
Electrolytes
Hormones, vitamins,
and enzymes
Metabolic waste
products

6. Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
Hematopoiesis is the formation of all blood cells
Occurs in the red bone marrow
Certain lymphatic tissue produces some white blood cells
Develop from stem cells

7. Erythropoiesis The manufacture of red blood cells (RBCs)
Red bone marrow
RBCs live about 120 days
Process of development and breakdown
Hemoglobin is separated into heme and globin
Normal ranges
Females 4.2 to 5.4 million/µl
Males 4.5 to 6.2 million/µl

8. Hemoglobin Erythrocytes contain a red pigment called hemoglobin
Made of protein molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme
Function of RBCs
Helps to transport oxygen to the tissues and some carbon
dioxide away from the tissues
Normal ranges
Females g/100ml
Males g/100ml
Hemolysis

9. White Blood Cells (WBCs)
Called leukocytes
Natural defense against injury and disease
Phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria
Synthesis of antibody molecules
“Cleaning up” of cellular remnants at the site of inflammation
Walling off of the infected area
Types of leukocytes
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
Diapedesis
Normal ranges
Average 3,200 to 9,800/µl

10. Types of WBCs – Granulocytes
Made from cells called myeloblasts
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

11. Types of WBCs – Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
Monocytes

12. Inflammation Occurs when living tissue is damaged in any way
Signs and symptoms
Redness
Local heat
Swelling
Pain
The inflammatory process

13. Thrombocytes (Blood Platelets)
Function in the initiation of the blood-clotting process
Normal ranges
250,000 to 450,00 per cubic millimeter of blood

14. Coagulation Injury leads to release of serotonin and thromboplastin
Prothrombin converts to thrombin
Fibrinogen converts to fibrin
Clot
Clotting time norms

15. Blood Types Types Antigens and antibodies Agglutination RH factorsAB O
Antigens and antibodies
Agglutination
RH factors
Recipient and donor matching
Universal donors

16. Blood Norms Bleeding time Coagulation time Hemoglobin count
Platelet count
Prothrombin time
Sedimentation rate
Red blood cell count
White blood cell count
Cholesterol level

17. Disorders of the Blood Anemia Iron-deficiency anemia Pernicious anemia
Aplastic anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Cooley’s anemia
Polycythemia
Embolism
Thrombosis
Hematoma
Hemophilia
Thombocytopenia
Leukemia
Septicemia
Multiple myeloma

18. Bone Marrow Transplants
Autologous bone marrow transplant
Allogenic bone marrow transplant
Identical twin
Parent
Unrelated
Umbilical cord
Bone marrow transplant procedure
Engraftment