1. Adjectives

2. 1st-2nd declension 3rd declension There are two kinds of adjectives.
FORMS OF ADJECTIVES
There are two kinds of adjectives.
1st-2nd declension
3rd declension

3. What do adjectives look like in a vocabulary list?
You are usually given nominative, singular forms for adjectives. The nominative singular forms are for the: masculine nominative singular feminine nominative singular neuter nominative singular

4. amicus, amica, amicum friendly EXAMPLES masculine feminine neuter
nominative nominative nominative
singular singular singular
friendly

5. Some masculine forms end in -er
miser, misera, miserum
masculine feminine neuter
nominative nominative nominative
singular singular singular
sacer, sacra, sacrum
masculine feminine neuter
nominative nominative nominative
singular singular singular

6. Here are some words from our new list
meus, mea, meum noster, nostra, nostrum suus, sua, suum tuus, tua, tuum vester, vestra, vestrum miser, misera, miserum

7. NOTA BENE REGARDING SPELLING
Words that are spelled with –er will NOT add –us
miser √ miserus x
sacer sacerus
vester vesterus
CORRECT WRONG!!

8. NOTA BENE ABOUT SPELLING
Notice for some words that have an –er in the masculine form the –e disappears in the feminine and neuter form. sacer, sacra, sacrum noster, nostra, nostrum vester, vestra, vestrum

9. miser, misera, miserum liber, libera, liberum
BUT NOT ALL
miser, misera, miserum liber, libera, liberum

10. HOW MANY DECLENSIONS OF ADJECTIVES ARE THERE?
Two 1st-2nd declension 3rd declension All the previous examples were from the 1st-2nd declension

11. Declension
How can you tell if an adjective is 1st-2nd declension or 3rd declension? Adjectives of the 1st-2nd declension will have a form that ends in –a Adjectives of the 3rd declension will have a form that ends in -is

12. Tell me the declension of the following
acer, acris, acre
facilis, facile
calidus, calida, calidum
clarus, clara, clarum
aureus, aurea, aureum
brevis, breve
sacer, sacra, sacrum
commotus, commota, commotum
dexter, dextra, dextrum

13. All the adjectives on this weeks list are 1st -2nd declension
amicus, amica, amicum bonus, bona, bonum foedus, foeda, foedum inimicus, inimica, inimicum liber, libera, liberum

14. BASE OF ADJECTIVES
To get the base of an adjective use the word that ends in –a (if the adjective is 1st-2nd declension) Drop the –a If the adjective is 3rd declension, use the –is form and drop the -is

15. Give the base for the following adjectives
meus, mea, meum
noster, nostra, nostrum
suus, sua, suum
tuus, tua, tuum
vester, vestra, vestrum
miser, misera, miserum
me- nostr- su- tu- vestr- miser-

16. An adjective must agree with the noun it modifies in … GENDER NUMBER
Agreement
An adjective must agree with the noun it modifies in …
GENDER
NUMBER
CASE

17. FORMS
Adjectives of the 1st-2nd declension have endings that look like… 1st-2nd declension

18. 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings
Feminine singular
Feminine plural
Masculine singular
Masculine plural
Neuter singular
Neuter plural a ae
us/er i um
arum
orum is o am as os

19. 1st and 2nd declension noun endings
1st decl. singular
1st decl. plural
2nd Masc singular
2nd Masc plural
2nd Neut singular
2nd Neut plural a ae
us/er/ir i um
arum
orum is o am as os

20. MEMORIZE THEM If you have not memorized these forms…
You will want to do so as soon as possible.

21. Example irritating stories – accusative plural Do the NOUN first.
Figure out the declension and get the base of the noun. Then add the ending.
fabula, fabulae = 1st declension
fabul__ = base
fabulas = base with accusative plural ending
Then do the adjective. Get the base.
molestus, molesta, molestum
molest___ = the base

22. Now make the adjective AGREE in GENDER, NUMBER and CASE with the noun
Now make the adjective AGREE in GENDER, NUMBER and CASE with the noun. We know the case and number, but what is the gender? Most 1st declension nouns are feminine. The only exceptions we learn are: agricola, nauta and poeta So, fabula, fabulae is feminine

23. fabulas molest___ Go to the adjective chart and find the accusative, feminine, plural fabulas molestas Short cut – if the noun and the adjective are from the same declension the endings usually match. Remember the charts.

24. 1st and 2nd declension noun endings
1st decl. singular
1st decl. plural
2nd Masc singular
2nd Masc plural
2nd Neut singular
2nd Neut plural a ae
us/er/ir i um
arum
orum is o am as os

25. 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings
Feminine singular
Feminine plural
Masculine singular
Masculine plural
Neuter singular
Neuter plural a ae
us/er i um
arum
orum is o am as os

26. We will worry about the exceptions later. Focus on
getting the correct declension for the noun
getting the correct base for the noun and the adjective
knowing the meanings of nouns and adjectives

27. Try a few. Put these in the form indicated.
beautiful houses – accusative plural
my daughter – nominative singular
in our stories – ablative plural
much money – accusative singular
wild horse – dative singular
many men – nominative plural
new books- accusative, plural
large town – accusative, singular
long wars – nominative, plural